Chapter 3

Multiple Choice Questions (10 points each) Select the ONE, BEST Answer 1. Adjusting entries: A. Affect only income statement accounts. B. Affect only balance sheet accounts. C. Affect both income statement and balance sheet accounts. D. Affect only cash flow statement accounts. E. Affect only equity accounts. 2. An adjusting entry could be made for each of the following except: A. Prepaid expenses. B. Depreciation. C. Owner withdrawals. D.Unearned revenues. E. Accrued revenues. 3. Accrued revenues: A. At the end of one accounting period often result in cash receipts from customers in the next period. B. At the end of one accounting period often result in cash payments in the next period. C. Are also called unearned revenues. D. Are listed on the balance sheet as liabilities. E. Are recorded at the end of an accounting period because cash has already been received for revenues earned. 4.On May 1, 2007 Giltus Advertising Company received $1,500 from Julie Bee for advertising services t o be completed April 30, 2008. The Cash receipt was recorded as unearned fees and at December 31, 2007, $1,000 of the fees had been earned. The adjusting entry on December 31 Year 1 should include: A. A debit to Unearned Fees for $500. B. A credit to Unearned Fees for $500. C. A credit to Earned Fees for $1,000. D. A debit to Earned Fees for $1,000. E. A debit to Earned Fees for $500. Problem (60 points) SHOW ALL WORKA company has 20 employees who each earn $500 per week for a 5-day week that begins on Monday. December 31 of Year 1 is a Monday, and all 20 employees worked that day. (a) Prepare the required adjusting journal entry to record accrued salaries on December 31, 2004. (b) Prepare the journal entry to record the payment of salaries on January 4, 2005. Dec. 31st, 2004DrCr Salaries expense$2,000 Salaries payable$2,000 Jan. 4, 2005 DrCr Salary expense$8,000 Salary payable$2,000 Cash Paid$10,000 Chapter 3

Macbeth †Directing Act 2 Scenes 1 and 2 Essay

From the director’s point of view, this scene is very dramatic because of the impact on Macbeth’s decision in Act 1 scene seven. In this scene Macbeth almost decides that he has talked himself out of killing the king, but his wife Lady Macbeth has other plans and forces him into a decision that will lead to the death of the king. This affects the two scenes I will be directing because in these two scenes the decision is put into practice when Macbeth kills the king. So I have to direct the two crucial scenes that see the king murdered by Macbeth. The setting for act two scene one is in Macbeths castle. It is dark and Banquo and Fleance are in the courtyard discussing what time of day it is, and as to whether it is past midnight or not. They work out what time it is by seeing if the moon is down, and then the candles are blown out. Now it is at this point large gusts of wind are heard howling throughout the castle with thunder and lightning clashing down around the audience. Owls are heard calling and all manner of nightlife is heard. This effect is used so that the audience are made intense and unaware as to what is happening next and to create tension. The sounds would be achieved through sound effects being played over the speakers and sharp, crisp lighting would be used to symbolise the lightning. A background tune will be played very lightly to create a mood so scary it will keep the audiences fixed to the stage from the edges of their seats. When Macbeth meets Banquo, Macbeth tells him that he is sorry for not being as good a host as usual and Banqou reassures Macbeth that he has been an excellent host to the king. Then he brings up the subject of the witches. He says that he dreamed of the weird sisters the night before, and tells Macbeth â€Å"To you they have showed some truth.† Macbeth replies, â€Å"I think not of them†, which is a deliberate lie. It is true that we haven’t heard him mention the witches, but he has been thinking of nothing except how to make the prophecies come true. If I was the director I would introduce Macbeth by letting him enter from right and to walk on quietly, sneakily in fact with only soft dull lighting to imitate the moon light. He would be wearing a long black smock to represent the fact he was upset or in regret that he was about to commit a terrible deed. The black would be used because it is traditionally the colour of the night and Macbeth had to blend into the background and move like the night in order not to be spotted or noticed. Banquo would be wearing red pants and a silver lightweight vest created out of steel with the imprinted cross of Scotland on the vest. He would be wearing a polished steel helmet with a sword placed neatly in its pouch, left hanging on the brown leather belt fastened around his waist. He would also have a spear in his hand with a long shaft that would also be used as a walking stick. He would be dressed like this because as a general protecting Duncan king of Scotland he would be expected to wear the kings finest military uniform. As a director I would expect Macbeth to deliver his lines to Banquo in a nervous manner. I would have him stutter and muddle up his words he would also jolt and pause in mid-sentence to give the impression to the audience he is unsure and nervous as to the crime he is about to commit. The lighting in this part of the play as I have already touched on would be dull yet crisp to create a sense of atmosphere and to create a mood, which would help Macbeth, deliver his lines. The torchlight the servant would be carrying at this point would be quite sharp and a glowing effect would be used to create the fire effect. Macbeths facial expressions would be few and far between because I would want him to be pale and blank faced so that it looked like he had other things on his mind, more important and life threatening things. At the opening of Act 2 scene two, Lady Macbeth is stood near to Duncan’s room waiting for Macbeth to return. At this point, I would want to emphasise the crime that is about to be committed and to create strong tension between the audience and the stage. Ideally the audience would be sitting focused, eyes fixed on the events and I would want them to feel a sense of danger and betrayal the moment Macbeth kills the King. The effects used to create this feeling would be sudden cold gusts of wind lashing through the audience. A strong gust of smoke would slide swiftly along the surface of the stage creating a dark musty atmosphere. Sharp lightning would be seen jolting over the stage with deep blasts of thunder to follow. Lady Macbeth would be dressed in a long silk red dress to represent betrayal and guilt even though she does not show any. When Macbeth returns with the daggers, I think it would be a dramatic moment, so I would chose to have a powerful spotlight focusing on Macbeth as he staggers across the smoke filled stage to his wife. My decision for this is that I would like the whole audience to be fixed to Macbeth’s every movement. I would want this because I would want the audience just to think about him and the crime that he was just committed. Makeup would be used on Macbeth to make him look like a ghost he would be completely white except for the small dashes of red on his face that would represent the kings blood. His hands and the area around his waist would be completely covered in blood to give the impression that he had hacked the king to pieces. At the opening of act two scene one, Macbeth is confident that he is ready to kill the king. When he tells the lie to Banquo that he has given no more thought to the witches predictions, he should deliver these lines with a certain stutter including repeating and missing out some words. He would also stop and jolt in mid sentence. I think he should speak like this because it makes the audience think he is not sure about what he is about to do and he isn’t sure as to whether he can or not. When Macbeth hallucinates he thinks that there is a dagger before him and he reaches out for it and of course can’t grasp it. Macbeth is not sure, and wonders whether it is ‘A dagger of the mind, a false creation’. If I was the director, I would make Macbeth say these words with confidence then I would make him sound confused as to what he was saying. To give the impression his mind was thinking one thing but common sense was thinking about something else. As Macbeth speaks of the ‘bloody business’ and how ‘ wicked dreams abuse/the curtained sleep,’ he appears much more confident. To indicate this, I would make him start of whispering the lines then slowly increasing the sound so by the time he had delivered the lines he was screaming them from the rooftops. I would expect his face to be blank, a dark spotlight would be shining on him, as he started shouting his lines he would smile and the spotlight would be turned up, eventually when he had finished Macbeth would be smiling, and the spotlight would be shining brightly. After Macbeth has murdered the king and he returns with the bloody daggers, he seems to be nervous and edgy. His repeated question ‘who’s there? What ho?’ indicates this. I would show this by making Macbeth speak his lines in a slow, shallow majestic voice with the words flowing slowly but surely one after the other with a short silent pause between each precious word. Macbeth considers the enormity of the crime that has been committed, and is terrified, as he knows that he can never be forgiven. He stresses how he could not say ‘Amen’ after the murder, and how he thought that they heard a voice cry ‘ List’ning their fear, I would not say ‘Amen’, when they did say ‘God bless us.’ To make this point more dramatic, I would chose to make Macbeths voice cry lightly and sharp frequent drops of water would be seen running across his chin and dripping onto the stage. It would sound like he was in pain with sudden shrieks lashing through the audience as though he wants everyone to experience the heart breaking pain that he is going through. After the murder, Macbeth says ‘I am afraid to think what I have done /look on’t again I dare not.’ Perhaps Macbeth does feel genuine remorse for his crime, or maybe he is more afraid about what will happen to his soul when he dies. I think that he does show some genuine remorse because I think deep down he didn’t want to kill Duncan but was in fact talked into by his wife and has now noticed the error of his ways. I could show this by making him drop to his knees and holding his head in his hands crying out for mercy from God. In act two scene one, I would choose to have Banquo to speak in a stern but tired way, as he is Macbeth’s friend. I would indicate to the audience that he is honest by making sure that he is looking loyal and worthy along with proud and upstanding when he is speaking to another character. Throughout the scenes, Lady Macbeth is revealed to be calm and calculated. When Macbeth returns from the scene of the murder, he says ‘ I heard the owl scream and the crickets cry. Did not you speak?’. I would reflect her unemotional state by having her speak nicely; soft and quiet. Her eyes would wonder as if she were thinking of something completely different. Lady Macbeth seems ill concerned with her husband when he talks of his inability to sleep. She warns him ‘You do unbend your noble strength to think/ so brain of things.’ ‘ Why did you bring these daggers from the place? They must lie there: go carry them, and smear the sleepy grooms with blood.’ If I were the director, I would show her irritation by speaking to her with an abrupt sarcastic voice with a tone that suggests that she’s speaking to an idiot. She will snap and snarl at Macbeth and look down on him. To conclude I have tried to answer each section as best I can. I have tried to incorporate the mood set by each characters lines by using lightning and sound effects as well as the way the actors portray their lines. My aim was to try to get the audience involved in the play without them actually acting, so that they could experience one to one the characters moods, so that they could really understand and get into the play. I would chose Ozzy Osborne to play Macbeth because he is older than some, dresses in black and has a certain element of disguise in him which I feel Macbeth’s actor needs to portray well. I would choose Halle Berry to play Lady Macbeth because her latest film ‘Gothika’ was a perfect example of a spooky story of which she played her part extremely well.

Bacterial Meningitis

An attack of bacterial meningitis can be devastating because most of its victims are usually children or infants. The symptoms of the disease can also be misread leading to improper or inadequate treatment with fatal consequences. As risks of misdiagnosis are many, it is recommended that the services of a physician be sought as quickly as the first symptoms are noticed. Meningitis is the disease caused by the inflammation of the membranes that surround the brain and the spinal cord (Schultz, 1991).While the cause of meningitis could be a virus, in the majority of cases it is bacterial. Bacterial meningitis is caused by several agents with the leading one being Haemophilus influenza (Schultz, 1991). Haemophilus influenzae is a type â€Å"b† strain and it is so named because when it was first discovered researchers believed that it was the cause of influenza or flu (Schultz, 1991), but scientists have since discovered that the flu is actually caused by a virus. A second cause of bacterial meningitis is Neisseria Meningitides or meningococcus (Meningitis, 2007).While this type of bacterial meningitis could affect people of different age groups, it is mostly evident during epidemics and especially in places where people live in congested or crowded environments (Meningitis, 2007). Recent attacks of meningitis that took place on crowded places are the epidemics in the slums of Brazil that killed 11,000 people in 1974 and the 1996 attacks in the Sahel region that left 16,000 people dead (Meningitis, 2007). A third cause of bacterial meningitis is Strepococcus Pneumoniae which is also known as pneumococcus.(Meningitis, 2007). This kind of bacterial meningitis is most common among adults and is noticeable by pneumococcus infections in various parts of the body (Meningitis, 2007). Such infections will be noticed in the victim’s ears or could appear as sinuses. While these are the main causes of bacterial meningitis, in some cases the disease could be cause d by an attack of tuberculosis or Lyme disease. (Meningitis, 2007). Meningitis has various characteristics depending on the age of the victim and the cause of the infection.In infants, the symptoms of a bacterial meningitis attack will normally be preceded by an attack of diarrhea, a runny nose or vomiting (Hirsch, 2007). Some of the most common symptoms of meningitis in infants are fever, irritability, headaches, photophobia or eye sensitivity to light, stiff neck and skin rashes (Hirsch, 2007). Correct diagnosis of bacterial meningitis can only be done by a doctor and the service of a professional should be sought immediately there is suspicion that a meningitis attack has taken place.This is especially because the symptoms of bacterial meningitis are non-specific. In infants and children, other symptoms that could be indicative of meningitis include nuchal rigidity, opisthotonos, convulsions and anorexia (Miller, Gaur & Kumar, 2008). Other symptoms that Miller (2008) says could b e associated with meningitis are the bulging of the fontanelle, alterations of the sensorium and in extreme cases, coma. In infants, one indication that a bacterial meningitis attack could have taken place is the sound produced when the infant is crying.When the infant cries in an eerie high-pitched voice, it is a sign that it could be suffering from bacterial meningitis (Schultz, 1991). While bacterial meningitis mainly attacks children and infants, it can also attack adults and especially the elderly. Fatalities from bacterial meningitis were common in the past but today, when medical attention is offered at the appropriate time, the fatalities are fewer and mostly happen to very young infants or the elderly (Schultz, 1991).For people above two years of age, the symptoms of bacterial meningitis will include headaches, a stiff neck and a high fever (Schoenstadt, 2008). Bacterial meningitis can be transmitted in various ways but it is not considered a highly contagious disease. The disease is spread from one person to another when there is an exchange of secretions from the throat or other respiratory secretions. (Schoenstadt, 2008). For this reason, the disease can be spread when a person comes into close contact with a victim who is coughing.Additionally, the disease will be spread through kissing although it is not spread as easily as the common cold or influenza. People who have prolonged contact with victims of bacterial meningitis will be at risk of contracting the disease especially when they are in the same house or have direct contact with the victim’s oral secretions (Schoenstadt, 2008). A wife or girlfriend risks contracting the disease from her spouse or partner and vice versa. In addition, bacterial meningitis is airborne and can be spread when one stays close to a victim who is coughing or laughing (Hirsch, 2008).Hirsch (2008) further advises that the sharing of utensils such as drinking glasses and spoons as well as the sharing of sanitar y products such as hand towels can also spread the disease. Moreover, coming into contact with the stool of an infected person can also lead to infection. This puts the children who share many facilities in day care at particularly huge risk of infection from their play mates who could be sick. Hirsch (2008), however, emphasizes that casual contact with victims does not put one at risk of contracting bacterial meningitis.Bacterial meningitis has a reputation for causing fatalities quickly and the measures taken to treat it have to be taken as quickly as possible. Schultz (1991) notes that because the disease is known to spread extremely quickly, the moment it is suspected to have infected a person, treatment with intravenous antibiotics is started immediately, even before the results of the tests carried out to test for the diseases are out. Once bacterial meningitis is confirmed, the patient will be put on medication that will normally last a week or longer.To treat bacterial menin gitis, antibiotics such as cephalosporins are used. The two best-known cephalosporins are Claforan and Rocephin. (Schultz, 1991). Since bacterial meningitis spreads quickly and also puts at risk those who are close to the patient, medication is also provided for those sharing living quarters with the patient. As a preventive measure, those close to the victim will put on a short course of the antibiotic rifampin. Apart from the possibility of fatality that is associated with bacterial meningitis, it is also known for other neurological complications (Schultz, 2008).Such complications, which could include permanent loss of hearing, convulsions and mental retardation, can ruin the life of a victim. This puts the children who suffer bacterial meningitis at very grave risks. To forestall the possibility of these complications, treatment for children includes the antibiotics and an additional corticosteroid, dexamethasone, which is administered to prevent loss of hearing (Schultz, 1991). As with all diseases, preventive measures with bacterial meningitis are more effective than the curative ones.To prevent the development of the disease, a number of vaccines have been developed for the most vulnerable group, children and infants. To guard against the leading cause of bacterial meningitis, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), a vaccine is used (Shultz, 1991). This vaccine is known as polysaccharide and has been in use since 1985(Schultz, 1991). The vaccine has been found to be effective in children aged two years and above and for this reason it is administered as a routine vaccine to children who are two years old.In addition, two more vaccines have been developed for children. In 1987, a vaccine was developed for children 18 months and over (Schultz, 1991). This vaccine, known as â€Å"a conjugate vaccine† was found to have more efficacy than the previously used polysaccharide vaccines for children in this age group (Schultz, 1991). By 1989, the conjugate v accine had been found to be effective in children as young as 15 months and was already being administered to them.Schultz (1991) further notes that a third vaccine was developed in 1989 that could be administered to infants two months old. The development of vaccines for infants and children enables doctors to administer bacterial meningitis vaccines along with the other vaccines as part of a child’s routine immunization regimen. Today, three meningitis vaccinations are administered on an infant before he reaches six months while a fourth vaccination, also known as a booster, is administered when the child is one year old (Bacterial meningitis 2).While research into other forms of vaccines for meningitis goes on, there is a vaccine that has been developed for prevention of Stretococcal pneumoniae which has been found to be effective with adults aged above 65 years (Isom, 2005). Apart from vaccination, bacterial meningitis is preventable in many other forms. One of the easies t ways to contain an outbreak of the disease is to report suspected cases to the relevant state or health authorities to enable treatment of those who might be affected.In addition, whenever people who are not infected share premises with victims of bacterial meningitis, the former should be given antibiotics to protect them against the risk of contracting the disease from the victims (Collins, 1997). Equally important as a preventive measure is the ability to exercise proper travel precautions. While epidemics of bacterial meningitis are unlikely to occur in the US, there are regions that experience outbreaks of the disease frequently and for this reason any overseas travel should be preceded by a visit to the doctor to see if vaccination against bacterial meningitis is necessary (Bacterial meningitis 2).While the prevalence of bacterial meningitis is low in the US, epidemics of the disease have led to massive deaths in parts of Africa and Brazil. An outbreak of the disease killed about 25,000 people in West Africa in 1996 (Hewarldt, 2006). In 2005, an outbreak of bacterial meningitis spread through eleven Chinese cities killing eleven people (Emerling, 2005). The disease has a higher prevalence rate in crowded neighborhoods. In the US, the disease has a higher incidence rate amongst African American and Native American populations while among infants, boys tend to more susceptible to the disease than girls (Collins, 1997).References Bacterial meningitis 2. Department of health promotion education. Retrieved February 23, 2009, from http://www. dhpe. org/infect/Bacmeningitis. html Collins, J. (1997). Cooperation halts meningitis outbreak; leaves positive public perception. Journal of environmental health, 59(9) 20+ Emerling, G. (2005). Bacteria suspected in death of boy, 6; meningitis test results awaited. The washington times, B01 Herwaldt, L. (2006). Bacterial meningitis: When symptoms start, act fast.University of Iowa hospitals and clinics. Retrieved Febru ary 23, 2009 from http://www. uihealthcare. com/topics/medicaldepartments/internalmedicine/bacterialmeningitis/index. html Hirsch, L. (2007). Meningitis. Kidshealth for parents. Retrieved February 23, 2009, from http://kidshealth. org/parent/infections/lung/meningitis. html Isom, W. (2005). A dash to the finish: Young doctor overcomes battle with life-threatening illness. Black enterprise, 35(7), 153 Meningitis. (2007). The Columbia encyclopedia, (6).New york: Columbia university press. Miller, L. , Gaur, H. , & Kumar, A. (2008). Meningitis , bacterial. Emedicine from webmd. Retrieved February 23, 2009, from http://emedicine. medscape. com/article/961497-overview Schoenstadt, A. (2008). Bacterial meningitis. Medtv. Updated July 2008. Retrieved February 23, 2009, from http://meningitis. emedtv. com/bacterial-meningitis/bacterial-meningitis. html# Schultz, D. (1991). Bacterial meningitis; vaccines, antibiotics fight sometimes fatal disease. FDA Consumer, 25(7), 36+

Reading the world ideas that matter, Third Edition Assignment

Reading the world ideas that matter, Third Edition - Assignment Example This association of children drawn from different races sharing a common pursuit of knowledge is important in achieving racial unity. Children learn to share their strengths to solve problems together than to focus on their natural racial differences.â€Å"Children should be surrounded with things of nature which have their own educational value. Their minds should be allowed to stumble upon and be surprised at everything that happens in today’s life†¦Ã¢â‚¬  There is an emphasis on natural settings and surprise of knowing that are brought out in this quote. It is important Tagore encourages the importance of practical learning by arousing curiosity in children. When children learn through nature, there are surprised life’s happenings. Therefore, a curiosity in learning is created. This curiosity stimulates the brain to find out things and explore their world. These sources help us to learn several aspects of life among them education and democracy. A critical awa kening is encouraged in me and the general society where teachers and learners are encouraged to embrace practical education. As a learner, I have additionally, learnt the importance of nature in a child’s learning process as well as the role of nature in stimulating a critical mind. Finally, education is among the best ways of fighting racism and a tool for achieving unity.The classmate argues that parents should not dictate on the passions of their children and that the future would be great if people passionately worked on their passions.

Criminal defence of provocation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Criminal defence of provocation - Essay Example A proposed bill however is pending in Parliament which seeks to remedy the ills of the law. Called the Coroner and Justice Bill, the proposed law is set to abolish provocation as a partial defence and introduce the ‘loss of control’ law in its lieu, using more stringent and specific language that will hopefully narrow down the application of the law and remove the hindrance to a more just application of the partial defence. The doctrine of provocation is a common law doctrine, which has been altered by the statutory law. As embodied in the Homicide Act of 1957, the doctrine works to serve as a mitigating factor in the crime of murder. Section 3 of the said Act specifically delegates the task of determining its existence to the jury in murder cases. Thus: There are, therefore, two things that a jury must do relative to the above provision: determine whether the defendant acted out of loss of self-control, and; whether a reasonable man would have similarly acted as the offender. The case of R v Camplin [1978] 2 All ER defined a reasonable man as â€Å"a person having the power of self-control, to be expected of an ordinary person of the same age and sex as the accused, but in other aspects sharing such of the accused’s characteristics as they think would affect the gravity of the provocation to him† (qtd Slapper & Kelly pp 108-109). The doctrine of provocation acts as a partial defence, which if successful results in partial responsibility or in simple terms, reduces murder to manslaughter. The doctrine is not applicable to any other kind of offense (Ashworth & Mitchell pp 72-73). Provocation is raised by the defence and the judge himself directs the jury to consider the element. The judge has to determine first the acts done or words uttered that directly affected the defendant’s self-control and provoked him/ her to kill (Stone 68). In the case of R v Cocker [1989] Crim LR 740, for

The Invasion of Normandy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Invasion of Normandy - Research Paper Example This essay examines the Allied Forces invasion of Normandy. Within this spectrum of investigation specific consideration are given to events and statistics that are central to a comprehensive understanding of the events of D-Day. The essay reveals that the operation was nearly as large in logistical scope as it was in seminal importance to the Allied mission. Notably, rehearsals, planning, and covert operations led up to this extraordinary event that would become the largest invasion in military history. The planning for the operation had begun as early as April the year prior as the British General Montgomery outlined operations for an invasion of St. Paul’s Cathedral (Neillands). The invasion itself would become meticulously planned and rehearsed in the months leading up to the attack. One considers that in addition to the significant rehearsal that occurred the Allied Forces made a number of offensive operations as a means of deceiving the Axis Forces that other parts of Western Europe, specifically Northern France, would possibly be attacked. These attacks went under the name Operation Bodyguard and they were ultimately successful in diverting the German forces from the Normandy area, allowing the Allies a strategic advantage during the attack (Hakim). In addition to the rehearsals and deception that occurred before the invasion, the Allied Forces also developed specific new technology for attack. Most notable among the new technology was the ‘mulberry’. This was a mobile, pre-fabricated concrete harbor.

Cyber Security Information Technology Research Paper

Cyber Security Information Technology - Research Paper Example Their motives are divergent, with some being political while others are just for malicious purposes. This has prompted various government and security agencies to intervene in order to rescue the situation. This paper will analyze cyber security, those likely to be involved in network hacking and the role of the government in protecting infrastructures vulnerable to cyber attacks. Difference between information assurance and cyber security There is a distinct difference between information assurance and cyber security. On one hand, information assurance entails putting in place measures that protect information and information systems, which ensures their availability, reliability, non-repudiation and discretion (Westfall, 2011). The information may either be electronic or general information within an organization. While dealing with electronic information, the system must be able to address the confidentiality concerns, by either introducing passwords or physically protecting the h ardware. Likewise, the information system must be in a position to monitor all the information and direct it to the legitimate users (The national Technical Authority for Information Assurance, 2011). Broadly, information assurance aims at ensuring that information moves to the right person at the right time and place. On the other hand, cyber security involves the effort of the organization or individuals to protect valuable information through preventing, detecting and even responding to prevailing threats. In cyber security, most of the attacks are online, since the process involves the use of the internet, although physical safety is necessary due to the protection of hardware involved in the transmission of information. Some of the threats involved are more serious, although this is subject to the ability of the organization to deal with them (McDowell & Householder, 2009). There are two broad categories of cyber attacks. One is when an attacker studies the security of the syst em and develops malicious programs to destroy the servers. The other attack is the zero-day attack, in which case the attacker bombards the system even before implementing the security measures (Fujiwara, 2006). Potential hackers and their motives Hackers have varied reasons for hacking into a cyber network. It is important to note that anyone can qualify to be a hacker, as long as there is an intention to access private information without permission. The leading cyber threat involves the financial sector, in which case the hackers engage in a number of ways. The first case is account takeover whereby criminals exploit financial and online systems, taking over the functions of the account holders. The aim of this crime is to pose as the legitimate owner, as this gives the criminals access to the accounts. Eventually, the criminals transfer all the cash to their accounts or withdraw the cash for their personal use. Another group of hackers consists of those criminals who engage in t he third party payment processor breaches. In this case, hackers target large multinational companies, which have a large network of payment processors. By compromising the personal identifiable information of the employees of such companies, the hackers go ahead to seek payment or other financial benefits from the employer. Their aim is to siphon as much cash as possible before the organization realizes it is not dealing with the real employees (Snow,

Some suggest that politics has become a minor form of show business Essay

Some suggest that politics has become a minor form of show business. Do you agree with this Consider the media-ization of politics in your answer - Essay Example The leader of present times is one who is in the eyes and minds of the commoners, no matter he does some good for the society or otherwise. (Schapiro, 1950) What people want from the politics of today is sensation, however deep down inside they want true democracy for their own betterment but then again everyone loves to gossip and politics is the favorite amongst the lot. (Arthur, 2005) The role of media-ization within the political realm is something that must be judged in the proper light to start with. The citizens of the state must be apprised of their due role within the country and then they must also be told about the different aspects related with the spreading of message through the right channels. Politics must make citizens stand up and act. They should take notice of what is happening around them and what the different regimes and movements are doing for their own betterment. This means that awareness and a sense of knowing needs to be the buzzword when we explore the true meaning of politics and media the same gives the whole discussion a real boost in the related scheme of things. Political media-ization aims to look at the positive sides of delivering quality to the end consumers, for whom the politics is being done. The society is the eventual recipient hence it is the duty of the society to find out what is happening around it. (Newhagen, 1999) The people are a part of this society and they are rightly the winners and/or losers at the end of the day. They must be made aware of the happenings around them when it comes to true political movements, activities, situations and the like. The usage of banners, websites, rallies, advertorials, email and text messages, web portals, newspapers, magazines and even television and radio suggest that political media-ization could be a real happening thing in the times much like today. (Kelley, 1973) What also is suggested

European economic integration results in European cultural Essay

European economic integration results in European cultural integration. Discuss - Essay Example However, there are those who suggest the cultural integration is more or less impossible since the differences between the countries which form the European Union are so vast that a cultural divide will always remain (Bruter, 2004). For example, the case of America can be presented where cultural divides still exist even when the economies of the American states are more or less perfectly integrated and the language is also the same. Despite these similarities, there are significant differences between urban and rural American cultures as well as the several subcultures living in the country. It seems that cultural and economic integration in Europe are certainly related since the EU considers the sharing of cultural values to be something that is supposed to produce better Europeans (EC, 2006). However, to say that economic cooperation would produce better cultural integration might be a little pessimistic since this statement also suggests that better cultural integration might not be as fast without having economic cooperation first (Erdogan, 2006). Secondly, it can also be said that the present natural level of cultural homogeneity might be good enough since if the Europeans totally integrate their cultures from Dusseldorf to Birmingham, the continent would certainly lose a lot of its charm (Gordon, 2004). There are also examples of situations where economic integration does not help cultural integration and in severe cases, economic integration might be seen as a negative force of globalisation which causes a backlash against the European ideal (Gordon, 2004). In Turkey for example, economic integration and strong economic connections had been established for years, yet complete integration is still far off. The Economist (2005) reported that there were significant differences and opposition levels to Turkey in Europe and to Europe in Turkey. The differences are based not only on legal

International Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 6

International Management - Essay Example in the standardization and adaptation process include the legal-political climate, social-cultural make-up of the target market technological, economic and demographic factors, etc. (Doyle and Stern P. 35). During a product’s launch into a new international market, multi-national firms can decide to either use their standardized marketing mix or adapt the mix to suit the market. In my study I am going to discuss the different standardization and adaptation strategies employed by different multi corporations like; Pepsi, Mc Donald’s and Toyota motors in the international business market. In several instances, a multi-national firm is forced to adapt its products and services marketing mix strategies to meet the local consumer needs. Also, the company is influenced to apply marketing mix techniques to deal with wants that can’t be altered due to factors such as culture, belief, economic conditions among others. McDonalds is a global producer of fast foods but their burgers, and other foodstuffs are adapted to local needs alongside tastes and preferences. In the Indian market where a cow is a venerated animal, their fast foods contain other meat products in place of beef. In South America McDonalds’ burgers come highly chilled due to the natives love for excessively chilled foods (Learn marketing, Para.2). In the Middle East where Pepsi is the leading soft drinks producer, it’s less sweet as compared to Africa where sweetness is preferred. The locals have a culture of growing sugar cane which tends to affect their consumption tastes and preferences (Learn marketing, para.2). Toyota Motors Corporation is the leading producer of automotive in the world. Its headquarters are situated in Japan decided. The company decided to use its standard production techniques for all its companies in the World with minimal changes to adapt it to the local environment. Over the years, Toyota enjoyed monopoly in terms of cheaper and fuel economic consumption. However, in

Rigths and Obligations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Rigths and Obligations - Research Paper Example In addition, defective products could cause direct or indirect harm to consumers. In such a case, product manufacture may fall under the legal requirement of explaining the reason for a sub-standard product in their market segments. In this regard, product defects should be taken seriously by a manufacturer in order to avoid possible legal sanctions by relevant authorities and concerned consumer protection agencies. As an employee of the company, it would be professional to notify high level managers about the product defect. According to O’Reilly (2007), this can only be done through a systematic and procedural manner in order to avoid raising unnecessary tensions within the board of directors and the chief executive officer’s team. In this context, lack of significant knowledge on the company’s ethical standards requires approach of the product defect issue from a technical perspective. As an employee of the company, I will categorically and explicitly present my concerns about a defective product within the consumer market. Managers will have to acknowledge the fact that the defective product signifies technical hitches within production and distribution lines. Thorough evaluation of production designs, packaging practices and even product transportation could feature as the main cause of the problem under consideration. In this case, I would take the opportunity given in the meeting to postulate about existence of technical shortfalls within the company’s production lines, which needs immediate attention to avoid unprecedented challenges. O’Reilly (2007) says that presence of practical evidence in form of actual product with defects would facilitate conveyance of the message to the managers and their new chief executive. Standard operation procedures within a sound business environment emphasize that organizations should strictly follow specific safety guidelines in product manufacturing. In an event that production depart ment makes defective products, the manufacturing company becomes solely responsible for any risk and harm involved when such products reach innocent consumers in the market. Sernaker (2010) states that in this case a company should immediately notify customers about the product defect to prevent any potential risk and injury to customers. The company can only notify customers once an objective testing and product analysis substantiates that the product is unsafe for use. With respect to my company, the process of notifying consumers begins with locating exact defective products within the market. Managers can achieve location of products through records on distribution channels and major retail outlets. Upon identifying exact locations of products, management should device mechanisms meant to reach individual customers via information contained in their sales records. Once customers are aware of the defects, the company may opt to temporarily stop production of the product in order to avoid further sales to consumers. According to O’Reilly (2007), continued production and distribution will hold the company even more responsible for neglect of safety programs towards the public consumer market. Product recall succeeds notification of customers. O’Reilly (2007) agrees that recalled products can be destroyed or repaired, and

Human Resource and Management Essay Example for Free

Human Resource and Management Essay It is widely accepted that functions involving management include planning goals of the organization, organizing its employees so that efficiency can be achieved, leading involves employee motivation and influence, whereas control function makes sure that all other functions help bring success to the organization . Another viewpoint is that there is a fifth function which is staffing. Staffing involves the HRM department making sure that the appropriate people with valuable skills are placed on jobs (Bartol, 2004). Human resource department has become more important today as it is integrated and much more strategically involved. The HRM department sees it very important in order to be successful as an organization much effort should be put on recruitment of employees, then they should be motivated to perform their task, and trained to execute their responsibilities effectively. To built an efficient work force and maintain it on that level the HRM needs to influence employee behaviour when they seem off track. The few ways in which they can do is by organizing which includes job design/redesign, remuneration and benefits, training and development, and performance management. Job Design Job design is method which involves organizing employee tasks and giving them responsibilities. It also focuses on changing duties of employees so that job satisfaction is gained, which therefore increases efficiency. It focuses on the content of job and effect it has on employee motivation and effectiveness. If job satisfaction is achieved productivity can also be achieved, some people prefer jobs which they feel comfortable at, identifying what makes a good job for the employee can be helpful in improving performance, this can make difference on cost resulting from absenteeism and low turnover. The job fit matches characteristic of people with characteristic of jobs. A person not fitting a job can be disastrous for the company and the employee. By re-designing the job the person/job fit can be may be improved, this can affect employee motivation as the job becomes favourable for employee, catering to their need of job-related satisfaction, for example a person who does not likes to talk much may find it awkward and frustrating at a bank teller job because there he may have to interact with people all day long (Keaton, 2001). Read more:Â  Areas of Human Resources Management Business The ways to re-design a job includes job enlargement and job enrichment, this involves reducing the problems faced by the employee on job. Broadening the scope of the job by expanding the tasks to be performed may reduce the monotonous job experience, as their would be new tasks for the employee to perform, this may help influence behaviour as the employee may achieve job satisfaction and also feel more important as a part of the organization. Job enrichment deals with the employee given more responsibility then before, by adding planning, controlling and evaluating to his job function. Job enrichment may include giving the employee the entire job rather then a part of work, expanding the assignment so that the employee can learn from new tasks, moreover developing new areas of expertise. It may also include giving the employee more autonomy so that he can organize work according to his will, along with giving feedback to higher officials. The more these characteristics are in the job the more motivating it becomes. For the employees motivational value comes from job enrichment due to the feeling of employees that work is now more meaningful, due to the fact that they are more responsible for outcomes. These changes therefore satisfy the employees need for growth, work motivation, work satisfaction, and work effectiveness (Schuler, 2008). Remuneration and Benefits The HR department has also the responsibility of setting employee remuneration, which is the financial payment to employees for their work. This can be used in influencing employee behaviour, it is necessary for the organization to reward employees fairly. If the employee feels he hasn’t been rewarded well he will be de-motivated. Organizations work towards keeping their skilled employee the time, they do not want to lose employee who have worked with them and are good at what they do, also for motivating employees to be more effective and efficient at work HR department tries to best set the wages inline with the expectance of the employees. Well paid employees feel more satisfied with work and are also more willing to give something extra to the organization, in long term this can increase employee commitment and built a trusted relationship between employee and employer. The other option which the HR department uses in influencing behaviour is the benefit system. Employee benefits are does part of the process that reward in addition to cash pay. These benefits may include insurance, medical, pension schemes, a company car or loan, and paid holidays. These benefits care for personal security and needs (Armstrong, 2000). The aim of employee benefits is to contribute to a competitive reward package, also to provide tax-efficient method of remuneration. This is also to provide for the employees need and also for their request for financial help, thus demonstrating that they are part of a caring organization so in turn they can be motivated to carry out work. This also increases the commitment of employee to the organization. The benefit strategy should be directed at the goal of achieving objectives of the business by ensuring it has high quality, committed people in their ranks. A flexible benefit plan helps employee choose between two or more benefits. An employee will be more motivated if he has a say in his benefit package, this way employee can gain better appreciation for the value of benefit he is be being rewarded. Benefits can also be aligned with work, such as giving paid holidays, this can be helpful in achieving short term targets of organization (Robert, 2008). The HR department has therefore the responsibility to work out the best reward system so that employees can benefit and feel satisfied with their work effort (Armstrong, 2000). Training and Development Training and developing employees so that they can deliver their best to the organization is one of the main functions of HR department. The HR department has to continuously work towards perfecting their work force, training them so that they can adapt to the changing business environment. HR department uses training and development to bring about a permanent change in the employees behaviour. Training is defined as helping employee do their current or future work better, where as development involves acquisition of knowledge, skills, personal development, and the right attitude so that the employee is prepared for future opportunities (Bacal, 1998). Training is used in altering the behaviour of the employee in a direction that will help achieve organizational goals. Training helps employees master their present skills or acquire new skill for the execution of another job. Learning is a part of training which brings about a permanent change in employee behaviour. Before training the personal analysis should be conducted so that it could be determined who requires training and their readiness for training. For training to be successful immediate reinforcement is needed so that appropriate behaviour is learned. The learner must be awarded in ways which satisfy needs, such as pay, promotion and recognition. Standards of performance should be set for the employee, as when these standards are met the employee gets a feeling of accomplishment. The training should be meaningful and should also give employee enough time to absorb. The employee should be encouraged to practise the behaviour again and again so that he could perfect his skills. This way a permanent change is brought about in the employee’s behaviour. There are different approaches to training, which includes on-job training and behavioural modelling. On-job training is that an employee is placed in a real work situation and is showed the job and tricks of the trade by a supervisor. This method widely uses the employee’s learning capability to understand and retain the task execution. The other method is behaviour modelling. This is used in increasing interpersonal skills by observing an experienced employee. These methods help bring about a favourable response from the employee. For this training and development procedure to be successful the HR department should ensure that training is linked to business objectives so that everyone is pointed in the same direction. The training should be focused on outcomes and not activities, also allowing employees enough time to adapt. Training should be motivating so that employee expectations could be met, of providing career pathways, increasing job satisfaction and also improving job security. Employee must be shown how to acquire new competencies and what are the benefits of gaining them The HR department should ensure that not only the organizations needs are respected but also the employees and what they want to achieve, so that positive change is brought about in behaviour. Performance Management and Appraisal The HR department knows how much it costs to acquire employees and retain them as a good working unit, they want to be sure that the outlay on staff is achieving an appropriate return. For this HR departments concentrates on performance management and appraisal, which is about creating relationships and ensuring effective communication within the organization. HR department cite as a process which ensures success for everyone, valuing the effort put in by the employees and also influencing and motivating them for their hard work, they feel it helps asses the employees so that they could be rewarded fairly. This is a communication process between employees and their supervisors, which helps built a clear understanding about the job function and what the employee is expected to do. How they can work together to build, improve or sustain employee’s positive conduct. It focuses on employee’s achievement on the preset objectives and how he can bring about a change in his behaviour so that necessary results can be achieved, with continued reviewing of performance against the plans the HR department ensures that objectives are met. The process of discussing work in progress, and how employees can enhance productivity with regular feedback can help determine where the employees stand, and also assess their accomplishments. Appraising an employees job makes them aware of how a task should be executed, also giving them a degree of empowerment which is the ability to make day-to-day decisions. It also helps employees on how to enhance performance, which in turn presents a chance to the employee to develop new skills and appropriate attitude towards work. If the employee understands his duties he can act more freely within the given framework. Performance appraisal is a part of performance management, it is a judgemental process of the performance of the employee on job. It is mainly done for the employees behaviour is moulded according to the companies determined objectives (Bacal, 1999). Performance appraisal brings about favourable attitude of the employee, in the form of commitment and motivation. This is why it important to appraise employees, its importance can be identified as a development to clarify why it is essential to have an effective training program (Banfield, 2008). It is also important for reward purpose as it identifies the deserving employee to receive a reward and who should be trained to achieve high efficiency. Employee motivation is the key behind his compliance to change and this appraisal system stimulates effort to perform better. Employees can be given a legally acceptable reason for promotion or reward and also in case of discharge or transfer so that the employee can’t feel of being treated unfairly. The basic compliance to change of behaviour for an employee comes with monetary incentives, therefore this system helps identify what to pay the employee. This system also encourages communication so that a sense of trust builds between the employee and supervisor, this can be beneficial for the organization as they can work towards carefully shaping the behaviour of the employee so that needs of the organization are catered for, as the employee will respect his supervisor’s decision and will work with commitment and desire. Conclusion The employees are the most important resource of any organization, their commitment and sincerity to the organizations objectives is much sought after. The HR department’s role in this is significant as it sets a benchmark of high standards for the organizations employees. Ensuring that change in behaviour they want is achieved in manner which is acceptable to the employee. The HR department first has to identify the lacking, if it’s concerned with the job they can use job design to influence employee behaviour as an inappropriate person/job fit can be de-motivating for the employee and costly for the organization. If they feel their employees value monetary benefits more they can alter their remuneration and benefit packages according to the need of the employee to generate a feeling of importance in the employee, thus motivating them to achieve organizational goals. The HR department can also analyse the skill level and competence of the employee so that any lacking can then be corrected by employing training and development methods, thus equipping their workforce with new skills and knowledge, readying them to face the challenging business environment. Lastly HR department can use performance management to mould the behaviour of employee according to the need of the organization. With a continuous judgmental system employee motivation and work efficiency can be measured, and then rewarded accordingly. A motivated workforce is the key to any achievement for the organization, so this is what organizations should continuously strive to achieve employing the discussed techniques to influence them.

Change is required for the effective working of the organisation

Change is required for the effective working of the organisation Abstract In every organisation the change is required for the effective working of the organisation, in order for the better performance the employees or the management of the organisation implement a strategic change management timely when the need is required for the organisation to stand well in the business and the change management plays a very important role when it will be implemented when it is required and will give the organisation to rise its standards even more to great heights. In the similar fashion a proper change management has been implemented by the employs of Satyam Computer Services Pvt.Ltd to stand back in the business market and to make its organisation back in working condition when the organisation got collapsed due to improper management. With its effective strategic change management the organisation regained the lost customer and client relationships, with the help of integrated change management policy the organisation set some new approach to deliver sustained success to the unit in improving the effective functioning of the organisation, with an appropriate selection process, rewards in performance and an proper change management process the organisation could tackle the problems, after thr review on this assignment we could grasp some knowledge on the required change management and its implementation on any organisation when it needs an Change management. Change Management: activities involved in (1) defining and instilling new values, attitudes, norms, and behaviours within an organization that support new ways of doing work and overcome resistance to change; (2) building consensus among customers and stakeholders on specific changes designed to better meet their needs, and (3) planning, testing, and implementing all aspects of the transition from one organizational structure or business process to another. http://www.gao.gov/special.pubs/bprag/bprgloss.htm There are 3 models in change management they are: McKinsey 7-S Model Tom Peters and Robert waterman created the McKinsey 7-S Model, while they were working for McKinsey and company, and even by Richard Pascale and Anthony Athos at a meeting in 1978 (12 manage, 2007). The McKinsey 7-S Model is a holistic approach to a company or an organisation, which collectively determines how the company will operate (12 manage, 2007). In this model there are seven different factors which are the part of the model which will work with this model, and they are. Shared values Strategy Structure System Style Staff Skills The pictorial image of the 7 factors of McKinsey 7-S Model Briefing about the factors Shared values This factor has been placed in the centre of the model because it is what the organisation believes in and stands for, such as mission of the organisation (12 manage 2007). Strategy Here strategy represents the status of the organisation or what the organisation plans to react to any changes of its external surroundings (recklies, 2007). Structure Structure is the present or the future shape of the organisation Systems The systems are the rules and regulation, process and procedures and routines that characterize the method of the work to be done. Staff Staff is quiet obvious in the fact that it is a proper representation of who is employed by the organisation and what they do within the organisation (12 Manage, 2007). Style Signifies the organisational culture and management styles that are utilized within the organisation (12 Manage, 2007). Skills They indicate the abilities and competencies of either the employees or the organization holistically (12Manage, 2007).   Advantages of the McKinsey 7-S Model : The benefits of this model are It is an effective way to diagnose and understand the organisation. It is an guide for organisational change It is a combination of both rational and emotional constituents. All the factors are interrelated, so all portions must be addressed focused (12 Manage,2007). Disadvantages of McKinsey 7-S Model The major disadvantage is that this model ignores differences (Morgan, n.d.). After five years many of the companies that used this model fell from the top (Morgan, n.d.).   Lewins Change Management Model Lewins Change management model was created by Kurt lewin ( mind tools,2007), Kurt lewin has recognized the three stages of change, which are still widely used they are ( Syque, 2007) Unfreeze Transition (Change) Refreeze Unfreeze: The lewins model explains about the people who tend to or who stay in safe zone and are hesitant of the change like when there is no change they feel comfortable and when any change has taken place they feel uncomfortable, while to overcome this the freezed state the organisation provides an motivation. Motivation is important to any organisation, even though if there is no change. Transition (change) The transition period is when the change is occurring, which is voyage and not a step (Syque, 2007), generally the time for transition takes longer as the people do not like change. Another important part of this stage is about reassurance which is good for the organisation as well as the employees. When the transitional voyage ends then starts the next stage thats unfreeze. Unfreeze Unfreeze is a stage where the organisation or the company again gets stable condition, like the stage where the organisation regains the same or an good mode of business. (Syque, 2007) Advantages of the Lewins Change Management Model : Here the advantage for this model has good points than the previous model as this model has better understandable steps and has fewer steps, this is most efficient model to be used in these days. Disadvantages of the Lewins Change Management Model : The Lewins Change Management Model has also got some disadvantages and main is about that it is timely, that means to any change to take place it will take time. Another disadvantage is about the refreezing period, like many people are worried that another change is coming, so they are in change shock (Syque, 2007). By these the employees be in trauma that the change is arriving which makes them to work less efficiently in their jobs. Kotters Eight Step Change Model: John Kotter introduced Kotters Eight Step Change Model in 1995; he is an professor at Harvard Business School and worlds renowned change expert, the Kotters change model consist of 8 factors and they are. Create urgency: The need of creating urgency for the change comes when the organisation needs to survive so for that we need to convince all the people in the organisation. Form a Powerful Coalition: To survive the change the organisation needs to form a strong team, the team may consist of the most efficient or trustable, reliable persons from the organisation itself. To create a Vision for the Change: After formation of the team they have to construct an vision which will guide and show a clear direction in regards to the change and the result for the company and the after effects of the change. Communicate the Vision: When the team has created an vision in regards to the change they have to communicate this vision with all the empolyees and make sure that every employee is clear of what is happening. Remove Obstacles: Here in this step the management should equally work with the employs to empower the employes and help in removing obstacles. Create Short Term Wins: Here the employs should be provided with short-term wins with rewards which indeed will make the employees to work more efficiently. Bulid On the Change: The seventh step is about persistence because we should influence more change even after the short-term goals are met or the original plan for change will cease and die (Rose, 2002) Anchor the Change in corporate Culture: The final step is to make the change permanent by moving fitting it into the companys culture and practices, such as promotion (Chapman, 2006). Advantages of the Kotters Eight Step Change Model: The Kotters model has a huge benefit that it is step by step model, which indeed is easy to follow and the other benefit is that it not only focus on change only but it even accepts and gets prepared for this change , which helps in the transition. Disadvantages of the Kotters Eight Step Change Model: The only disadvantage for these model is that we can not skip any step where the change will be failed. The model I choose for the organisation Satyam Computer services Pvt.Ltd. is

My Experience With The Internet And Education English Language Essay

My Experience With The Internet And Education English Language Essay The Internet. What it has done for me educational and scholastically is nothing short of a miracle. With the recent events of the past three years I couldnt have possibly even imagined that I could get a college education and a degree in accounting without the use of the Internet. I am old enough to remember life before the World Wide Web. I remember hearing that term in the early days; the World Wide Web. I couldnt even comprehend what they were talking about. The web; whats that? Computers in our homes; that cant be possible? Or could it? It was possible and it did come to pass. And the world has been forever changed because of it. My story begins as I approach the age of forty-nine and make a monumental decision to return to school. I thought to myself, You must be crazy. But with the unrest and dissatisfaction with my then current work situation, school made sense. But still, with the thought of working full time, and I mean full time, it was a daunting task that I had set before me. The fact that I worked in a manufacturing environment, worked rotating shifts, weekends, and put in somewhere between fifty to sixty hours per week, made attending school through normal channels very unrealistic. The thoughts dancing in my head to go back to school started in that summer of 2007. I was very unhappy with my job and with my bosses and had contemplated several times to just walk out the door. It was my wife who gave me some good advice and said, If you are so unhappy, quit complaining and whining about your situation and do something about it. She was absolutely correct. So on Saturday August 18, 2007 on the last da y of fall registration at Illinois Central College in Peoria, Illinois my wife said, Lets go and off we went. We arrived at the registration office at 1:45 p.m. with only fifteen minutes before the office closed. A wonderful lady helped me get registered within those last fifteen minutes of registration and my journey was about to begin. I signed up for three classes that fall, two were Internet classes and one was a correspondence course. One must realize that I had had no college experience in my life and to start out with just Internet classes was a little unnerving. So armed with a newfound determination and a very supportive wife, my journey into the unknown realm of Internet education began. My first foray into an online class was a real eye opener. My first class was an English composition class. I hadnt written a formal paper in thirty years and here I was required to write an essay using MLA to cite my references. What the heck was MLA? So, to the Internet I went and did a Google search of MLA, and I was off and running and I havent stopped yet. The Internet has proven to be such an invaluable resource for doing school work, especially when it comes to writing papers. The amount of time and effort saved by doing online research is just incomprehensible. Two things come to mind when I think about that first semester of school is that it could have never been accomplished without the Internet; the time to actually take the courses and the time to devote to research for writing assignments. Neither could have been accomplished without the Internet. Working fifty plus hours a week like I did didnt leave much time to devote to going to college, but with the advent of onlin e classes it has become a reality for me. The convenience associated with taking online courses is just fantastic. For example, when I worked afternoon turn, I would get home around eleven oclock p.m., go to my home office space and do school work on the computer until about two or three in the morning. A benefit if the Internet to me is the flexibility it gives in not only time but environment. For example my wife and I were actually able to go on a short vacation and I could still maintain contact with my school load. I took a laptop with us and through the use of Wi-Fi; I was able to connect no matter where we were at and still do my homework, take quizzes and maintain pace with my course and not fall behind. It was great and I could really relax when I got done with the school work. Again the Internet is a great benefit and tool and one that I do not take for granted or lightly. I was always under the misconception that I could not return to college and earn a degree as long as I worked a full time job. Boy was I wrong about that. With the advent of the Internet everything has changed. There are no more time constraints, no more geographical restraints, no more anything. It is all at your fingertips anytime of the day or night. This was not the first time that I had contemplated going back to school. In the late nineteen-eighties I was facing long layoffs and the very real possibility of losing my job. I considered going back to school at that time to pursue a degree but with a wife and a young baby and the fact that my wife did not work, I couldnt afford not to work and go to school full time. I did consider going to school part time but with all the family obligations and what not, I talked myself out of doing it then because I couldnt see the light at the end of the tunnel. I just couldnt see the end only the present long road to get there. That was the second biggest mistake of my life. The first one being not going to college right out of high school. After working in the steel industry for thirty years I am finally paying for my decision to abstain from going to college right after high school, in lieu of a good paycheck. Hindsight is a wonderful thing. Back in 1988 there were no Internet classes to take, so the only option was to go to school in person and that takes time. Time I didnt have or time I didnt want to devote to this end. Ah, to be young and stupid. One of the many challenges that I faced was in my second semester when I took my first accounting core class online. That was not a pleasant experience. I was definitely getting a C in the class with one test to go. The professor made things even harder for me when he changed the rules in the middle of the semester. When we started the class the online tests allowed you to go back and work problems if you skipped them. But for some reason, unbeknownst to me, he decided to make it so if you passed a question you couldnt go back. So if you were stuck on a problem then you had a decision to make. Either you moved on and missed the question or you stayed on the current problem and in my opinion, waste valuable time that you would need to complete the test. I decided for the last exam to just take my time and work the problems one at a time consecutively and I would finish what I could get finished and my grade would be what it would be. Well, I didnt finish the exam but what I did finish must have been good enough to push my grade to a B for the semester. I never did find out what I scored on that final exam and I really dont know how I got that grade, but I was thankful all the same. It was after this class that I decided no more online accounting classes for me. This would be my one departure from taking as many online classes as possible. There are so many advantages of taking online classes for me, but mainly that I can attend a class at anytime, from anywhere. I can attend classes no matter what work schedule I am working and I can even attend when traveling, whether it be for business or pleasure, I can access my classes from anywhere in the United States that has Internet access. Being that the course material is available twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week, gives me the opportunity to re-read lectures, discussions, explanations and comments. Another nice benefit is that being behind a computer screen can give me anonymity and provides a less intimidating atmosphere then I would encounter in the actual classroom. Taking Internet classes gives me time to formulate my thoughts making me able to think about my replies as to when, how, and what to say. I can post my comments when I am ready. This is a real benefit becomes sometimes when you are in a classroom situation and the conversation is moving and other people are interacting, sometimes you cant get your point of view out until the discussion has passed you by and by that time it is too late to comment. This online environment has also made it so I can talk more openly with my teachers and other students. I have noticed that I am a little bit more assertive in an online class than I am in real life. I used to think that was a bad thing but I believe it has been helpful as it is encouraging me to speak up and to voice my opinion when presented the opportunity. I believe in the long run this will be a benefit to me in the working business world where I will need to speak up when needed. Another great benefit about Internet based education is that you can access the colleges library from the comfort of your home at any time of the day or night. You can research articles, eBook content, and check the availability of normal book material which you can reserve and pick up at your convenience. This has been a great time saver for me, which as someone who works full time, this has been a true lifesaver, giving time back to me that I so desperately need. Another benefit to taking online courses is what I call the low cost association. By that I mean not necessarily dollars and cents, but other tangible things, such as no expenses outlaid for gas and wear and tear on my automobile. And again, the time it gives back to my life. This fact alone is unfathomable because time is just about the most important commodity a person can have. The ability to earn a degree online began in 1989 with the University of Phoenix offering classes to help students earn bachelors and masters degrees (3). Online education has expanded throughout the past decade as evidenced by studies done by Babson Survey Research Group, the Sloan Consortium, and the College Board. According to their statistics, online enrollment was at over 3.9 million students during the fall semester of 2007. That correlates to more than twenty percent of all college students enrolled in postsecondary education are now taking online classes (8). And the trend is continuing with research numbers showing that by the end of 2002 over eighty-four percent of all four-year accredited colleges and universities were offering online education classes (2). Today it is even possible to earn a degree without ever stepping a foot on a college campus. John Campbell remarked in a discussion thread reply about the dangers that can be associated with taking classes from a virtual college, which is a college with no physical campus (1). He pointed to a very good article about the possibility of being scammed in the pursuit of an online degree. In the article it relayed the sad story of a womans online degree being worthless. This points out the very important fact to research the possible online college candidate and make sure that the degree indeed comes from an accredited university. The article referenced what is labeled degree mills, which hand out diplomas that arent even worth the paper they are printed on (4). Johns comment was about the importance of taking college classes from an accredited college and not a virtual college. A point well taken, but there are in fact, several good virtual colleges today with Jones International Univers ity being the first accredited college in1996 to exist fully online (6). Mr. Campbell also brought up a good point with this question, Are online educations taken seriously in the business world? With the advent of just about every college in the nation offering Intent classes the answer is yes. The business world places great faith in online degrees, but also adds that more respectability is accomplished when going through an already established and accredited college as say a Duke University (4). Mickey Killman brought up the question about the advantages and disadvantages of obtaining a degree through online sources (7). A major advantage of pursuing online degrees or taking a mostly Internet curriculum is that youre showing potential future employers that you have initiative, ambition, and drive to do what it takes to get the job done. You are demonstrating that you will be a self motivated and reliable employee. Continuing this thought, recent research shows that employers today are much more enthusiastic about people that pursue Internet degrees than they were in years past (5). In fact, sources such as Careerbuider.com say many employers stand up and take notice of people who can demonstrate the ability and the desire to seek online degrees (8). And to reiterate this thought even more and how the business world has changed its opinion of online education listen to how Jack Welch, former CEO of General Electric, responded to this question, Would you hire someone with an online business degree? To count out a candidate based on an online degree may be shortsighted, he responded. People working all day and studying online all night have the kind of grrrr most companies could use.(9) I think that pretty much says it all with regards to the importance of Internet education. Ive often thought during my journey when I looked down the dark tunnel of education and saw a light, I wondered is that the light at the end of the tunnel or is it the headlight of an oncoming train coming to run me over. With only summer session and this fall semester to go, I am convinced now it is the light at the end of the tunnel. Hallelujah!

Essay on Identity in Song of Solomon -- Song Solomon essays

Searching for Identity in Song of Solomon      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Abstract: Whether Africans really fly or just escape a monumental burden, perhaps only through death, is a decision Toni Morrison has apparently left to her readers. Never the less, no matter what you believe, within Song of Solomon, the suggestion is, that in order to "fly" you must go back to the beginning, back to your roots. You must learn the "art" from the old messages.    O Sugarman done fly away Sugarman done gone Sugarman cut across the sky Sugarman gone home... (6)1    Milkman was born to fly. Perhaps not! Maybe, he was just doomed to a life of flight. Toni Morrison seemingly presents her readers a choice. Milkman is born under a paradoxical cloud. His life seems to be destined for controversy. Toni Morrison eventually leaves the reader with a "choose your own ending" configuration. As in Beloved, Morrison's unique style of ending a novel with no finalization, only enhances the content and tickles the imagination. Evidence of the influence of Zora Neale Hurston is sprinkled liberally throughout the story. In addition to folklore and mythology, Song of Solomon is also rife with the cold, hard facts of reality. Did Milkman actually become airborne or was he merely a man, consistently trying to escape reality?    Toni Morrison's, Song of Solomon, was inspired in part, by All God's Chillun Had Wings (Andrews et al 103). According to this folk tale, at one time all Africans could fly. Through transgressions, they lost the ability of flight. On occasion, someone would shake off the weight of their burdens and be able to fly. Only a select few held onto remnants of the memory of flight. According to a legend in Hurston, the transgression, ... ...to converge in the distance. Soon they begin to twine and twist together. At the core, is a solid rope, with each strand braided neatly with the others to form a tightly woven story. With its many parts, but only one beginning, Song of Solomon is absolutely, the "perfect soft-boiled egg" (40).    Works Cited Andrews, William L., et al. The Norton Anthology of African American Literature. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1997. 103 Barnhart, C.L., et al. The American College Dictionary. New York: Random House, 1970. 919 Heinze, Denise. The Dilemma of "Double-Consciousness": Toni Morrison's Novels. Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 1993. 14 Hurston, Zora Neale. Hurston: Folklore, Memoirs, & other Writings. Ed. Cheryl A. Wall. New York: Penguin Books,1995. 315, 581, 597, 618 Morrison, Toni. Song of Solomon. New York: Penguin Books, 1977.

Defining Modernism Essay -- Definition Essays

Defining Modernism Modernism described as movement in arts would best be described as a movement that was used to unit America after a period of crisis, it did this by it being centered on explorations into the spiritual nature of men and the value of his society and institutions. In a way it was like realism they too focused on the changes on society. The modernistic writers always wrote in a very formal defined form. Modernism also played a very important role as a movement in poetry. The way modernism did this was it brought so much more opportunity to the poet as a way of writing. The poet is now able to express themselves in new ways. If it was not for modernism who knows if we would be talking about the works of Emily Dickinson today, after all it was modernism that got her ...

Comparison of two car advertisements

In this essay I plan to compare two car advertisements. One of which is about a large car, the other, a small car. In a year millions of pounds are spent on advertising so from that it is easy to accept that a car advertisement will cost a lot of money. Advertisement 1 has a frame of a Volkswagen Boulevard, facing towards the reader with three stereotypical cleaning ladies draped over the car in a humours fashion. The copy is presented below the frame with a slogan that uses both humour and rhyme. The frame does not let you see the back of the car, and the copy uses a range of print sizes. The print contains twelve short paragraphs. The advert is from the Sunday Times, which is a respectable broadsheet newspaper; the advert takes up a whole page, which is an A3 sized piece of paper. Advertisement 2 shows a large blue Volvo Estast in the countryside, surrounded by rocks grass and trees. A woman and a man are standing behind the car unpacking or packing a hiking kit. The car is shown from the back with the boot open. The rocks and the scenery are presented like this to show that the car can be used on other landscapes; the colour of the car also blends in with the scenery, as it is a natural blue. The rocks suggest that the car is rugged, strong, and long lasting, which gives a positive view towards the Volvo. The alloy wheels give it a sporty viewpoint, which is backed up with the copy â€Å"performance cars†. Volvo's are well known for their safety and this is also subconsciously shown by the red lights on the back of the car, the helmet and all the other hiking equipment that is used for safety, like the ropes. The man acts as if he owns the car, he stands at the back dominantly as he stands he seems to be taking charge, he is closer to the car from this point you can see that the advert is obviously aimed towards the male audience. The boot of the car is open to show that there is lots of space, the amount of space is also shown by the angle the frame is shown at this can make the car look bigger than it actually is. Advertisement 1 obviously has women as its target audience as they have not used glamorous women over the cars and have not gone into great detail in describing the more technical features of the car. The advertisement captures the consumers attention through the amount of space the advert takes up, only approximately one third of the page is actually taken up by the car. There is a lot of empty space around the car, and because the car is being sold as a small car the visuals represent it. Throughout the advert it stresses the point that the car is small and compact. An example of this is in the copy with â€Å"quite a little number† little being the buzzword. The advert shows individualism. â€Å"Draping models over our cars has never been our style. This advertisement is also targeted towards first time buyers as it repeats â€Å"special edition† twice and it has minor details on price in the fine print under the normal print. In conclusion both adverts are aimed towards a rather different audience but both seem affective in what they have set out to do. Advertisement 1 tells of the car being small and compact and shows it many ways, whilst advert 2 tells and shows of the car being large and sports like and shows it using more frames then print. I could see a lot of people reading these adverts and wanting to buy the cars. There fourth I think that both advertisement companies do well in what they have set out to do.

Red Bull Marketing Essay

From 1987, red ink poop was launched in Austria with the tag line carmine dump verleiht Fluuugel ( florid dickhead Gives You Wiiings). It wasnt until 1992 that personnel casualty tinkers dam began to roll out in otherwise European countries. Part of the harvest-feast dodging was to enter new foodstuffs slowly and methodic comp permitelyy in establish to maximise bombinate and build anticipation Keller, K. L ( two hundred8 *A) By 1997, ruby-red pig bed was available in 25 foodstuffplaces glob e actu completelyyy, including Western and Eastern Europe, peeled Zealand and South Africa. everywhere the decade since its outset ruby jacks gross sales by 200%, from 1. zillion units to over 200 million units, and by 2004 the lodge had institutionwide annual sales of nearly 2 zillion displaces in 120 countries.The describeeting dodging utilise by exit dirt was non to pound the market with their nominal head but to be seen as an exclusivity, and to be percei ved as the crispen for all de constricters when filmed. In this trend, marketers left give up cans in darknessclubs, placed samples and dispensers in universities and tolerateed the appreciate of cherry-red counterfeit to spread via leger of mouth. ruby-red falsify marketed the dramatizeing properties * Improves visible Endurance Stimulates metabolic process and Eliminates Waste Substances * Improves boiler slip Feeling of upbeat * Improves Reaction promote and Concentration * Increases amiable Alertness These characteristics of the blushing(a) bull finished mathematical carrefour opened itself up to a whole range of electric authorization consumers and merchandise situations.Because of its properties, ruddy strapper utilize the slogan Revitalizes headspring and Body, and coifed the discombobulateable utilise a premium set scheme, marking the scathe up by at least 10% on the to the highest degree costly competitors crossing. Norbert Krailha mer explains We be overmuch much expensive that cola. This is OK because ours is an force output, so we can charge this scathe premium, which is the secret of its happiness Due to the take n adept for a price premium speck we can charge what is fair for the attain Keller, K. L (2008 *A) A large depute of fierce damns succeeder has to do with the use of the distinctive rubor dirts and move up Sun logotype and refined 250mL can as seen on their sponsorship indicate writing and general advertising. It is debatable whether or not crimson mother fucker would be as go forthular and successful without this insignia. certainty of this can be traced to the introduction of ruddy cop in Germ any , where the demand was so great that they sold out of tin stock and had to switch to glass bottles to go on up with the demand. As soon as the bottles were introduced the demand dropped. The success of redness bulls merchandising strategy can be highlighted with the bodg e entry of inflamed prick into the unite acres in 1995. The marketers believed that the linked Kingdom was too different from the Austrian market, so altered the marketing plan.The changes occurred in tierce distinct ways Extract 1) the company marketed rubicund atomic number 29 as a sports confound, not a stimulation fox 2) it did not pursue a word of mouth strategy, choosing instead to sell via the largest beverage channel and 3) it created new advertising and focused on billboards rather than electronic media. As a result, inflammation shite was considered a trial in the United Kingdomafter losing to a greater extent than $10 million during the first 18 months in that market. Keller, K. L (2008 *A) 1. Introduction going dogshit GmbH, the Austrian based free talent drink manu situationurer is a remarkable discoloration that has grown to surpass whatever of the worlds more or less established mark cancelleds. After founder Dietrich Mateschitz numbered from Asia with the chastens to sheer ruby-red hair and alter it to fit the Western market, he had a delimit idea in his mind as to what he precious to achieve with the zipper drink. After trialing more than 200 designs and finally cementing the right combination of caffeine, taurine, carbonation and flavoring the airplane pilot tearing fake flavor was established.What follows is the awe-inspiring story of how bolshy dump was marketed in Austria and then from 1992 onwards into the symmetry of Europe, the Americas, Asia-Pacific and the United Kingdom. Some of the key stones in the red grunter defect marketing triumph has been the simplicity of their marketing admittance by and through and through with(predicate) application, the locating of the intersection point and the clever ways in which they founder side stepped handed-down channels when bringing the product to the market and building the bombilate and anticipation of blood-red Bull rather than near but rel ying on the decision making derived from conventional advertising methods.The diversity of the crimson Bull discoloration name has allowed itself to move with the market and die hard the worlds most popular goose egg drink. aspect at the differentiate names tangible flexibility can even be posed at the move in the market to pelf free beverages and the quick and succinct way that cherry-red Bull acted in purchase order to uphold its position and remain credenceable at the same time. As of the 2009 fiscal year, rosy-cheeked Bull GmbH had net sales report of 3. 3billion dollars and at once has 3900 employees worldwide. Source BNET Resources 2. crisscross Positioning and Values From the day of inception, Dietrich Mateschitz had a clear plan for how he wanted to establish sanguine Bull. The veritable positioning has left reddish Bull in a very upstanding position among the market place and the determine that it represents argon continually being lived up to through i ts corporate presence in our effortless lives. The position of going Bull is Revitalizes principal and Body this tangible attain, direct from departure Bull endorses the product to satisfy consumer demand before they energise even do a leveraging. rose-cheeked Bull has besides positioned themselves as the Premium muscularity take in above all other slide fastener drinks in the market. The key word in this phrase being premium as crimson Bull has an exclusive attract and a higher market price than its competitors factors that pose been thought through very thoroughly by the carmine Bull marketing team. The Premium determine dodge that exit Bull has incorporated, dictates that ruby Bull pull up stakes be priced at a rate 10% higher than the most expensive competitors price to ensure the pattern standard of the passing Bull account and set the standard for all of the rest of the competitors.In addition to the Premium Pricing Strategy, blushful Bull introduced t he Seeding Program, whereby signly Red Bull would whole be stocked in the best and most fashionable establishments, whether this be exclusive clubs, nightclubs, bars, sporting events and think events to build the necessary hype or buzz about Red Bull, and to change the word of mouth from the social elite to filter down into the working class. at one time the market place was saturated with Red Bull buzz, the general market original the product too.In addition to the al-Quran of Mouth strategy, Red Bull would hang on this with event sponsorship, athlete endorsements, sampling, gratuity of purchase marketing and select electronic advertising. This allowed Red Bull to cover the necessary avenues which potence consumers were handlely to come into contact with the brand and go on to purchase the drink. The determine of the Red Bull brand are derived from the benefits of the drink itself * Improves Physical Endurance * Stimulates transfiguration and Eliminates Waste Subst ances.Improves Overall Feeling of public assistance Improves Reaction Speed and Concentration * Increases cordial Alertness The Red Bull brand encourages the consumer to go to their potential and offers an aid in doing so. But offering these benefits in their product, Red Bull entertains the extension of horizons and dynamic approachinges to life. This can be summed up through their corporate sponsorship of Extreme Sporting events, single athletes, the creation of events or the sponsorship of teams. The reasoning slowly this is that these events are fast paced, high energy, electrifying and claim exactly what Red Bull has to offer.By encouraging these types of events and endorsing the elimination of nurture zones, Red Bull is positioning itself as a goal, a motivation and a stimulant that can be harness to achieve any goal. Red Bulls success can be likened to the single-minded approach they live with used n order to connect with their target market 14 19yr olds and then the next highest penetration 20 29yr olds. Red Bull is an active product in todays trendy lifestyle habits and is being reflected through their values and displays hike of abnormal sporting activities. .The Red Bull Air Races in Perth Australia and sponsorship of cross Webber and Formula One. From a nationality lead of view, Red Bull chooses the idols of sport and eye spotting events to promote itself as hale as sustainment the wad in question. This is seen all around the world and has been a strong driver in the popularity of Red Bull in certain areas of the world. Because Red Bull is a stimulant drink, it key outs sense to market to the whole variety of consumers in the market place.In its 23 years of operations, the initial people who would have used Red Bull for party energy at nightclubs and parties willing now be mournful through to the quieter plenty of their lives, however this does not mean they will no perennial need Red Bull. Working capacious or irregular hours, studying and qualifying the added distance is still important consequently Red Bull has applied its benefit across several generations and the cycle carrys. 3. brand Characteristics Red Bull is now a very distinctive product in the market place and can be recognized based on some key points. Two Red Bulls and Rising Sun Logo * Slender atomic number 47 250mL can (with silver and blue pattern)The seduce Red Bull * Endorsed Events or Persons i. e. Mark Webber As opposed to other energy drinks on the market it is the most correspond and advertised product on supermarket shelving in Australia, (per unit) and is represented by an 8020 spread of cans to bottles in the standard 250mL variety(1). superior characteristics of Red Bull allow in its booking in Extreme Sports, high-energy events and the encouragement of athletes and the involvement within comfort fracture activities.It is important to note that the Red Bull marketing strategy encourages the promotion of the bra nd through non- handed-down channels and is not seen in the same context as traditional carbonated drinks, or energy drinks. This fact makes adds to the characteristics of the brand. People recognize Red Bull based on its involvement and support in events and occasions. Rather than times, controversies or want advertising campaigns which try to deliver a message over a long period of time.The marketing message for Red Bull has remained consistent throughout the 23-year sovereignty it has had in the marketplace adding to the resilience of Red Bulls brand characteristics. The Red Bull Australia website promotes Red Bull as Red Bull Energy Drink has always been and always will be more than that a hot secret for the night owl and the non-stop party-animal. It is appreciated by a wide range of people, much(prenominal) as the overworked taxi driver, the stressed manager, the exam-anxious student and the pressured diary keeper. It is used by surfers in the summer and snowboarders in the winter. For day or night, for gambol or fun.People who need more energy learn to value Red Bull Energy Drink. And the number of people who do is increasing all the time. Red Bull Australia 2010 The Red Bull Australia website explains, through a marketing set toy the characteristics of the brand and the direct benefiters. The exert highlights very clearly the intentions of the brand and the way in which it is appreciated. 4. Product Benefits and Consumer Satisfaction Red Bull markets itself on the two phrases Gives You Wings and Revitalizes Mind and Body. This can be demo through its ingredients Caffeine, Taurine, Sucrose Glucuronolactone, Glucose and B-Group Vitamins.These six ingredients all combine to give Red Bull the kick that consumers need. * Improves Physical Endurance * Stimulates Metabolism and Eliminates Waste Substances * Improves Overall Feeling of Well-being * Improves Reaction Speed and Concentration * Increases Mental Alertness As stated front the benefits l isted by Red Bull allow themselves to be focused on a wide variety of people, whether they be self-assurance workers, truck drivers, athletes, students or partying. The given benefits of Red Bull provide the reasoning to procure and continue re-buying.Consumer satisfaction based on the product benefits is unornamented through the sales figures that Red Bull has been generating, with domineering growth of 10% or more per annum. exercise the American Market shows the Market conduct of Red Bull compared to its competitors Based on its 42. 6% share of the energy drink market sales in 2006, it is evident that Red Bull is a substantive and enticing product. A large portion of Red Bulls ability to satisfy twain physically and mentally comes from the consumption of the drink and seeing the performance of those around the consumer who are either consuming Red Bull or endorsed by Red Bull.This positive reinforcement from the elements encourages the consumer to drink more and to be bra nd loyal to Red Bull. 5. injury Communities Red Bulls green goddess sponsorship and consumer loyalty would work considerably well with a network of dedicated Red Bull Communities, rather than just the Red Bull sponsored, run and presented events. The basic criteria for the Red Bull instigator Community have already been met with the purchase of a Red Bull Product, as they have features and needs that are common to the other consumers who had purchased Red Bull previously.Ways that Red Bull could maximize on this could be through loyalty reward schemes, groups, emailing lists, gatherings, committees or clubs. piece of music the idea of a Red Bull Brand biotic conjunction is appealing the functional application of one of these communities would be an expensive and difficult task to manage. The on paper, and metaphorical idea of a Brand community is a safer, more cost effective and ultimately simple Utopia when thought through.The Brand Community idea is one that should have been conceived during the introduction to the market or spot the market was considerably beautifuler and more manageable. Red Bull uses the basic expound of Brand Communities already with their Red Bull Events and Sponsorships, in which it is then upon the individual to travel a consumer and subscribe to these communities. The stress amid the brand, the individual and the culture in which both(prenominal) exist is not under any amount of tension in the current marketplace and does not need to be altered at any point in the near future.The Brand Community, which Red Bull could potentially highlight, contains around 1 Billion people spherically and would require large amounts of money to communicate to all of these people, let alone bring worry to it and get consumers to act upon it. 6. Brand Equities Red Bull has at its disposal a large set of Brand integrity that it uses to distinguish itself from other energy drinks and its competitors. These include its logo, its amber co loring, its taste, advertising, packaging, pricing and its reputation as a reliable and beneficial product for onsumers.In par to its competitors, Red Bull prides itself on being an al ringlike energy drink that can be consumed anytime, in the right conditions, at the right place and the right time. Which has worked well for Red Bull as they have positioned the brand specifically to suit any occasion and to answer Yes to any of the Three well(p) questions. The development of these brand equities has been a un alter run through the development of Red Bull as a brand and its establishment in all the countries it now occupies space in.The Red Bull logo is a key device in the success of Red Bull and is maybe the strongest asset that they have in basis of Brand Equity. Many comparisons of competitor energy drinks such as Rockstar, Monster and Sobe No Fear yielded results that consumers could not differentiate surrounded by the Red Bull and its competitors while using unmarked cups and blindfold tests according to atomic number 2 Comparison Tests. In a actually market perspective this fact is pitiful that competitors are fabricating similar tasting products and that they are indistinguishable from one another.However this illustration is found across all products in any category when basing comparisons without brand equities such as packaging, logos and distinctive colorings. Red Bulls marketing strategy has ensured that the strength on the product based on its merits receives the credit it deserves. The initial slow entry into markets, creating buzz and desired anticipation of the products has proven valuable for Red Bulls long term innovation and has given merit to them too, in that they did ot let down the people who had tried the product based on hype and anticipation, creating return buyers and brand loyalties.Red Bulls price premium is considered a succeeder with the market place as people believe that paying for benefit is give way than paying for volume, as can be seen with competitors such as Rockstar who sell only the 500mL cans of energy drink and who deliver merely on their marketability rather than on product benefit such as Red Bull has done. The pricing premium has ensured that Red Bull be taken on its quality rather than on a commodity measurement ike quantity. This perceived value given to it and received by consumers tightens the consumers loyalty to the brand.Red Bull has seen a long run of marketing in sporting events and endorsing athletes to create awareness to potential consumers of its benefits in sporting activities, on and off the field. This spending on endorsements and events is evidence to the wider community that Red Bull is not just about profiteering, but supports the sporting world and provides entertainment and encouragement to those people who would like to strive to this level.However know where does Red Bull market itself to state that it will put you in this position. The clever marketing s trategies which Red Bull have used remain honest and aim solely to promote Red Bull in a positive light whilst involving the consumers it is stretch out to. The Brand Equity that Red Bull keeps is a well-earned set of criteria that has been nurse from the beginning of the brand back in 1987 in Austria. The expansion of Red Bull into more than 120 countries is a sign of strength and highlights the diverse regions of differing brand equities among varying cultures.The underlying success of Red Bull remains in the marketing strategy that put it ahead of the competition in the first place. Without this, the basics of brand equities would not exist and Red Bull would follow the same course of one of its competitors. Because of this I believe that Red Bulls greatest brand loveliness is the brand itself and its history among the market over the past 23 years. trust all of the elements discussed previously and essential make up of campaigns, strategies, advertising, targeted markets, su ccesses and failures.This long history will benefit Red Bull in the long term, as it will fuck off even more cemented into the grain of ships company and stay as the go to energy drink, rather than the fad competition products which have entered into the market in order to remove the firmly held Red Bull. As for the proceed growth of Red Bulls Brand equity listings that is to be foreseen in the future, but there is little doubt that it will continue to build positively as the Red Bull product range changes to suit the coming changes to the current market. When it does I have no doubt that Red Bull GmbH will be ready for it. . demonstration The Red Bull Branding base follows a long timeline of success and obstacles that Red Bull GmbH has turned into triumphs.Red Bull have managed to turn a small Austrian drinks company into a global giant as one of the double-quick growing brands and now staying true to one of the most popular of the 21st Century. Over the course of the 23 ye ars that Red Bull has been manufactured, we can see a growing trend and the synthetic need created by Red Bull for energy stimulation drinks and now the popularity of them to a point where we could no longer exist without them.Red Bull has become part of pop culture and every day don and jargon, which intensifies its impact on the market and its sustainability in the consumers mind. As far as brands go, Red Bull has remained faithful to its consumers and to its own marketing goals, with little to no changes to the marketing strategy, the product packaging and flavoring, besides of course the chicken feed Free Red Bull. This steadfast approach to marketing has clearly worked and a comparison of Red Bull and other Energy drinks shows that these brands lack the same commitment that Red Bull has.