The last true story Ill ever tell

The last true story Ill ever tell Introduction Most people in American society as well as the world at large perceive American soldiers as the worst kind of people in the world. What they do not understand is the fact that most, if not all, of these solders fight for the good of their country. Moreover, their seniors usually make such decisions. Naturally, cultural lives in societies seem to isolate soldiers from the rest of the world and community.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The last true story Ill ever tell specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Their integration in society has been difficult with some, like Crawford, finding it even more difficult while trying to relate to other members of the society. The last true story Ill ever tell is a story concerning a man who is drafted into a squad of soldiers during a period of his honeymoon and then he is sent to streets of Baghdad during the America-Iraqi war. Crawford writes about the time he spent wit h his wife through tough and trying moments. In addition, he argues in his book that, in the end of a soldier’s tale, things do not quench to a normal state when he gets back from Iraqi war. Crawford lost his spouse and could not find a stable job for quite a long time after the Iraqi war. He got used to sleeping over, in his friends’ houses while looking for jobs in different areas. The kind of life he experienced in Iraq and after was so devastating the he never wished for a repeat. This book is a true check to those who believe that people return from Iraqi war unchanged and looked down on by society for serving in a war that some soldiers did not even have a say on whether to go or not. This analysis will try to explore Crawford’s book concerning cultural values in American society. Discussion The last true story Ill ever tell In John Crawford’s book, The Last True Story I will Ever Tell, the writer Crawford is drafted from the United States National Guard to work in the Army overseas in the Iraq emperor. The book is drafted as a set of short stories that constitute some of Crawfords experiences in Iraq. This book gives a clear structure for recounting an experience with little logic. It is well known that journalist tend to take a global view of situations. This book begins with a story about the invasion where Crawfords section was caught with a few other sections in a dust storm. For instance, situations happened where they had to work at night without any visibility.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Such experiences were of great concern to Crawford’s unit. In addition, there are times when they could not identify Iraqi tanks. This was quite frustrating to him, given the outcome of such sacrifices. According to him, as indicated in the novel, United States troop were manly in Iraq to guard Bagdad and not innocent civilians. He goes on to give a situation where in they spent most of their time protecting Iraqi gas stations. Crawford goes on to describe Iraq as a broken State given the fact that it is a third world country, which is at war with itself. Moreover, in his description of the city, he notes that it is filled with desert sand as wells sand due to deforestation and drought. Crawfords description of Iraq reveals the surreal illogical of the Bush government claims that Iraq was a real danger to the United States. Crawfords chapters are gripping, making the reader develop some feelings for his experienced knowledge in Iraq. The author describes their feelings as guardsmen in Iraq, it comes out clearly that they are exhausted and bored, among other problems. As National Guardsmen, they are recognized as second-class soldiers. This is mainly because they received a junior training as compared to other troops assigned in Iraq. They were relocated within different military grou pings, making their Iraq departure time descend lightly. According to Crawford, the enemy could not be easily identifies as militants (as was usually seen in the press) but rather as civilians since they mixed with them and sometimes using some s human shield. Crawford writes about the grudge that was directed to them. The author also perceives himself or herself as neglected with her friends. Their time in Iraq makes them to be more desperate and harmful in the society even though they are highly honored in the society. It is quite important to note that any of the troops that step outside the United States face several threats. These range from broken friendships and marriages to heavy casualties that may include deaths, among others such as physical injuries. This has greatly transformed peoples’ lives. The author goes on to reveal that his marriage also seems to be broken, and ties to console himself with beer from the Iraqis. This gives the book the picture of a group of reprinted stories because the details are simply too painful. In the book, some parts of the story are unknown.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The last true story Ill ever tell specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this context, his wife is seen to move away from his life, making life more difficult for Crawford. His major hopes of seeing a Penelope to be welcoming Muslims gives an indication that the two main clubs. However, the reader never finds out what happened. Finally, it is quite significant to note that United States solders make unimaginable sacrifices to save their country. Cultural Analysis This book contributor brings to life the fear and destruction of a war zone. The poverty, disease, and crime are very apparent and painful to watch. Any perception that the US military has changed their mind and saved Iraq will require to be re-examined once the public gets the real facts of what is happening and that people are suffering now more than ever before. Some of the games that keep these people safe are cards and video games, among others. The United States nationalism sticks to a standpoint on public opinion by creating fear through the various media houses. They achieve its real goals with little bother for the democratic process. The United States will perhaps leave with fewer casualties than they had in the Vietnam War, but no less domestic influence and damage to its international standing. The United States is facing within several years a historic defeat in Iraq. This defeat appears set to rebuild the Middle East for the upcoming generation. Middle Eastern governments that relied on the United States as a guarantor of their stability and continued existence will be forced to re-consider their positions and policies. This defeat to US interests will materialize because the Bush government has promised much bigger and persistent strength to the many Islamic groups. The Islamic gr oup view itself as the foremost part of the army of a global struggle against the dominions of evil made in a corrupt American empire. This worldview while opposing United States does so from the position of Islamic hegemony violated, of consecrated domains infiltrated and invaded by infidels. Conclusion After reading John Crawford’s book, â€Å"The Last True Story I’ll Ever Tell†, I have come to realize that my thoughts and beliefs about the soldiers in Iraq were very different to the reality of what happens during war and the aftermath.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Cultural life in the society seems to isolate soldiers from the rest of the world. Their integration in society has been difficult with some, like Crawford finding it even more difficult while trying to relate to other members of the society. I used to think that soldiers going into the war voluntarily or because of the draft had the soldiers thinking, this is a tough job, but you have to do it for your country. Soldiers must go through harsh conditions and hostile situations with the thoughts in the back of their heads thinking that all they want is just to go home and share with their families. The conditions described in this book have shown that as hard as it is to be in Iraq, the aftermath for soldiers can be potentially worse. The book tells the stories of some things that someone may picture the United States Army doing, the good, and the bad. It gives you more of an inside look at what the regular U.S. soldier feels like during the war, even up to the point when he gets disc harged.

3 Expert Tips for Using the Unit Circle

3 Expert Tips for Using the Unit Circle SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’re studying trig or calculus- or getting ready to- you’ll need to get familiar with the unit circle. The unit circle isan essential tool used to solve for the sine, cosine, and tangent of an angle. But how does it work? And what information do you need to know in order to use it? In this article, we explain what the unit circle is and why you should know it. We also give you three tips to help you remember how to use the unit circle.

Leadership, Innovation and Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Leadership, Innovation and Change - Essay Example The paper tells that the roles played by top leaders are fundamental in determining the market position of a company’s product. Considering the fact that top leaders are involved in the development of both corporate and business strategies, their ability to influence market performance cannot be ignored. Whereas there is evidence that leaders and their leadership style can have an impact on the market performance of the company, it is not clear the level of impact involved. Researchers have sought to analyze whether the influence of leaders is an extremely significant contribution to the market performance of a company or whether the critical importance of other factors supersedes the role of leaders. The top leadership in any organization indulges in active planning and development of the leadership strategy, corporate strategy, and the business strategy. The development of these strategies depends on the leaders understanding of the potential strengths and the weaknesses of the company as well as a critical analysis of the possible threats and opportunities. The role of strategic planning is basically to ensure that a company has in place initiatives that promote and utilize its strengths and opportunities while taking measures of handling threats and minimizing the weaknesses. Such strategic planning is impossible if top leaders do not understand both the internal and external environment of the organization. Leaders face the compulsion of ensuring that strategic planning brings together different departments in an appropriate response to both external and internal factors. Moreover, leaders need to be informed on different issues regarding the industry they operate in. They need to understand the ensuing trends and be able to predict what the future holds.

Business Ethics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Business Ethics - Case Study Example Ethics refers to the moral guidelines that define what is good or what is bad. In business, there some conducts that may be regarded as unacceptable due to their moral implications and reputation in the society. The guidelines or the principles that define such conducts are what comprise of business ethics (Lamb, Joseph and Carl, Pg. 69). The focus of this essay is to give a report regarding ethics of an organization TideeKleen Waste Management Inc. It is an organization based in Canada and is concerned with the commercial waste recycling and disposal activities. The company is known for its strong reputation and corporate responsibility. It has a number of stakeholders with the major ones being Halo Ethical Fund and a New York private equity firm known as GSG Financial. These two are the majority shareholders and any decision by TideeKleen will have a significant ramification on them. The company’s employees are important stakeholders. Stakeholders Analysis The companyâ€℠¢s major stakeholders include; its employees as well as Halo Ethical Fund and a New York private equity firm known as GSG Financial who are the majority shareholders. Employees are an important of any organizational stakeholders. They are the ones who carry out the production activities as well as any other activities within the organization and therefore they are major factors in determining the performance of a company. As such, it is important that the employer ensure that the employees are operating in a safe environment so as to ensure their maximum productivity. Employees are an important part of TideeKleen stakeholders. Any decision by the company will have a significant ramification on them and their performance. A change in the employees’ performance will be reflected in the general organizations performance. In this case, any option A, B, or C will have to be evaluated considering the effects it will have on the employees. For instance, if the company is to choose o ption A, the employees who will be moved to the new TideeKleen will be operating in a safe environment and their chances of contracting a cancer will be highly reduced. As a consequence, their performance is likely to be relatively high. This is even considering that most of these employees are to be young and energetic. The employees to be left in the old TideeKleen on the other hand will be working with the old equipment that will expose them to high risks. Any effect on their health will have a direct effect on their performance. Similarly, Option B will also expose employees to such risks and hence will affect their performance and morale. Option C on the other hand involves changing from the old facilities to the new ones. The process will take time, and during that transition period, employees will be working in a not so safe environment. If the company chooses an option that does not favour any of the employees, on top of the low productivity, there is a high possibility of i ncreased employees turn over. The effect on these to the company will be low performance. The company will spend more money looking for new employees. In addition, potential employees may be discouraged from joining the company. The other class of important stakeholders are the company’s shareholders. Any decision that the company makes is likely to have an effect on its performance an in turn will affect the price of its shares in the stock exchange. Shareholders who have a high number of shares in the company will be as well affected significantly by any change in the price of shares. For instance, the prices of shares of TideeKleen have fallen from $40 to $30. This might lead to a big loss for the company’s largest shareholder Halo Ethical Fund. In fact, the company may consider

Contract Law Questions Essay Example for Free

Contract Law Questions Essay Max, an improvised law student placed the following advertisement in the Law Student Gazette: For sale Treital Law of Contact, ? 5 Brian telephoned Max but he was not at home and Celia, Maxs girlfriend, answered the telephone. Brian asked her whether it was the latest edition. She replied that it was not. Brian then said he would give ? for the book and Celia replied that she was sure that was acceptable but for Brian to ring back later that evening. That night Brian telephoned Max. Max told Brian that the book was in excellent condition and that he would not accept anything less than ? 5 for the book. Brian, however, did not hear this because of a fault on the line. The next day Brian called at Maxs house with the ? 4 but Max refused to let him have the book Advise Brian 2. D placed a notice in a local newspaper offering a reward of ? ,000 to the first person to climb to the top of the monkey puzzle tree in his garden and take a photograph of Ds garden. On Monday E was in the process of climbing the tree when he fell off. He was in hospital for four days. On Tuesday, F climbed to within three feet of the top of the tree but considered it too dangerous to proceed further as he was too heavy for the upper branches. On Wednesday, G was at the top. He was about to take the photograph with the special camera which G had purchased for. Especially for the purpose. D shouted, Forget it! There is no money at all. The deal is off. Later that day, D broadcast an advertisement on the local radio station informing everyone that the reward was no longer an offer. On Thursday, H, the son of Ds neighbor, climbed the tree, took the photograph and claimed the reward. He had not heard the broadcasts on the local radio station. On Friday, E returned to the garden and climbed the tree and took the photograph. Advise the parties.

Stock Market Crash as the Cause of the Great Depression Essay -- Ameri

What Was the Exact Cause Of The Great Depression? The United States Great Depression leads many people to believe different stories about what actually caused it. The Stock Market Crash in October of 1929 is often referred to as the beginning of the Great Depression, but did it actually cause it? The answer is that it was the spark that lit the flame of the Great Depression. The Great depression was a financial decline that started in 1929 and lasted through most of the 1930s. Its pinpoint was in North America and Europe, but plagued countries around the world (especially developed countries). Unemployment and homelessness sky rocketed and construction practically stopped in many countries. Industrial production declined by 50%, international trade plummeted 30%, and investment plunged 98%. The Great Depression was more severe and lengthy in the United States than in other developed countries. The unemployment rate rose higher and remained higher longer than in any other western country. As it expanded, the depression, for many Americans, was a hard time. (Garraty 3, Nardo 29-31) By the fall of 1929 most Americans had reached the peak of success, wealth and happiness. Just a year before, President Hoover predicted that the day when poverty in the United States would be totally eliminated was slowly but surely arriving. James Horan refers to the era as, "a time of plenty". This was because the country was at the height of a great industrial development which begun after the end of the Civil War. Mass production was in "high gear". The middle class was very satisfied after receiving a large amount of goods. "It was a lavish era of silk shirts and two-car garages."(Nardo 29) The stock market was very successful; there were pl... ...eople with nothing but each other. The Great Depression was definitely a terrible problem in the United States. Like every other problem, there is a root cause, and for this problem it was the crash of the stock market in 1929. This paper corroborates that the crash of the New York stock market in 1929 was the exact cause of the Great Depression. Works Cited Dudley, William. The Great Depression: Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, Inc., 1994. Garraty, John A. The Great Depression. San Diego. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1986. Nardo, Don. The Great Depression. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, Inc., 2000. Problems of the Great Depression. [Online] Available http://www.bergen.org/AAST/projects/depression/problems.html, November 25, 2006. Stock Market Crash of 1929. [Online] Available http://www.stock-market-crash.net/1929.htm, October 9, 2006.

Civil Rights Movement 1960s

The Civil Rights Movement in the USA in the 1950s and 1960s Research Task – Report Blake Walker Year 11 Modern History Malcolm X Investigate the life and background of the individual/group Malcolm X was born on the 19th May, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska, by the name of Malcolm Little. Malcolm was one of eight children to Louise Norton Little who was an attentive busy housewife. His father, Earl Little who was an abrupt Baptist Minister and was also a strong supporter of Marcus Garvey, leader of the Black Nationalism movement.Whilst growing up he was a focused intelligent individual with determination to pursue a career path in Law, which was frowned upon for African Americans to pursue. In Junior High Malcolm graduated at the top of his class proving his perseverance and strong sense of self and direction, but when one of Malcolm’s favourite teacher’s discouraged him by stating that â€Å"His dream of becoming a lawyer was no realistic goal for a nigger†, Malco lm lost all sense of direction, sending him into a downward spiral eventually resulting in his lack of interest towards education and finally, his departure from school.The death of his father sent him into a further downward spiral which began his questioning into the issues relating to racism due to his father’s death, as the victim of a prejudice White Supremacist group known as the Klu Klux Klan. He then began a life in Boston, Massachusetts where he would work various odd jobs for little money, until he turned to a life of crime where he moved to the slums of New York. Malcolm eventually became a leader of various gambling and prostitution rings as well as a distributor of narcotics. In 1946 Malcolm was arrested and charged with burglary charges and was convicted to 10 years imprisonment.Whilst he was in prison, he decided to further his education and as a result, Malcolm came to a valuable point in his life where he became fascinated by the teachings of Elijah Muhammad, a valued prominent teacher of the Nation of Islam religion. Describe the significance of the individual/group to civil rights issues in the USA Malcolm X was an immensely significant individual to the civil rights movement as Malcolm soon rose to becoming the most prominent national spokesman of the â€Å"Black Power† movement, as he specifically worked to spread he political and religious goals of the Nation of Islam on a wide scale. Malcolm acted as an Inspiration proving that African Americans can rise up from the hardship and deprivation and stand up for what they believe in regardless of how much cruel discrimination and neglection you may receive. Continuously over the years of the movement, he encouraged young African Americans to support the initiative through powerful speaking and his remarkable debating skills which enabled him to succeed in recruiting over 30,000 young African Americans.They were enticed by the ideology that in order to achieve freedom, you have t o fight for it and that was the only way to achieve this. This view amongst African Americans (especially younger generations) was extremely popular. It promised to battle racism directly which to most, many thought this view would achieve the goals of the movement over a shorter time span and would be far more effective than the non violent initiatives used by individuals such as Martin Luther King which proved to become less effective over the years.Many believed that this was the only hope of achieving rights for African Americans and reinforces how Malcolm X played such a significant role in the Civil Rights Movement as he offered hope to the African Americans which were an alternative to the slow, ineffective non violent demonstrations. This provided them with an opportunity to stand up for themselves as individuals and African Americans as a nation, securing a better future for the African American in all areas of life.Outline the individual/groups beliefs and ideas and explai n the forces that shaped their attitudes towards civil rights at this time Due to Malcolm X’s religious beliefs being a devout follower of the Nation of Islam, the teachings of Honourable Elijah Muhammad become the foundation of the Black Nationalist Philosophy and Malcolm’s beliefs, which were reaching supremacy over whites by achieving political and economic power as well as improved working conditions for African Americans.Malcolm X also believed in the goal of achieving a separate state for African Americans through pursuing self-determination (which is an individual’s right to exercise the control they have over their own lives and determine their destiny). Although, the majority of the Islamic scriptures and teachings were non-racist, the Nation of Islam believed in racist teachings depicting that the whites as ‘devils’ who needed to be destroyed to empower Black Rule. Due to this perception of Whites, Malcolm did not want a Nation where the w hite an could interact with the darker man, but he encouraged segregation amongst Americans. In order to contest the brutal uphill battle they were fighting, Malcolm believed African Americans needed to become militant and aggressive action in order to overcome racism, otherwise there was no point fighting because in order to achieve freedom, you have to fight for it. This view was adapted because of the brutality demonstrated against African Americans and it was necessary as a act of self defence, as Malcolm X states: â€Å"I don’t go along with any kind of non violence unless everybody’s going to be non violent.If they make the Ku Klux Klan non-violent, I’ll be non violent. † (Retrospective Year 11 Modern History Pg 140 Source 7. 18 lines 1-2). These beliefs and ideology held by Malcolm X, were derived from the Nation of Islam which varied from other Muslim beliefs and were adapted by Elijah Muhammad to combat the discrimination and improve the conditio ns and rights of the African American individual and due to Malcolm’s stern stringent followings of the religion, Malcolm followed them and endeavoured to spread the beliefs of the religion to whoever was willing to listen.Malcolm’s beliefs towards segregation were shaped by his father’s beliefs which where instilled in Malcolm from a young age. Soon after Malcolm separated from the Nation of Islam, his beliefs changed when he visited Mecca, a city considered by Muslims to be the holiest city of Islam. His views which he stood by so passionately, he found soon became outdated and idealistic, which enabled him to see that regardless of skin complexion, people of all colour could have different opinions and not all whites were against African Americans and their movement.Malcolm began to work with white people who wanted to join his cause of ending discrimination and gaining more rights by helping his newly found organization, Muslim Mosque Inc, that’s purp ose aimed to achieve goals for the Black community. Identify and account for differing historical perspectives and interpretations of the individual/group concerned As do with majority of all prominent historical figures, there are differing historical perspectives and interpretations of Malcolm X and the cause he righteously represented.The differing perspectives of Malcolm X are regarding his methods of demonstrating the goals of the movement which to some communicated different messages, often ignoring the intended message. For many, Malcolm X was seen as a great leader of the Civil Rights Movement with a vision, a remarkable Inspiration that uplifted a nation. To others, Malcolm was a careless renegade who used vicious tactics and some speculate by arguing both. Though it has been exactly 47 years since he drew his last breath at the Audubon Ballroom in Harlem, Malcolm X’s life and legacy continues to affect many in the Harlem and Columbia Communities. His namesake street , Malcolm X Boulevard, lies at the centre of stores, and homes of West Harlem and he still serves as a cultural anchor and political and moral inspiration with enduring power and direct relevance in modern America and throughout the world† (http://www. columbiaspectator. com/2012/02/24/malcolm-x).This perception given by Emily Neil, a Senior Staff Writer at the Columbia Spectator is a prime example of the positive perceptions held in regards to his courageous decisions standing up for his people which in result have shaped our society today. On the other hand, some argue that Malcolm X was a radical individual whose beliefs were outrageous and sinister due to his militant methods and beliefs regarding supremacy over whites. These perceptions have been outweighed by the result of Malcolm X’s contribution to the Civil Rights Movement.Malcolm X’s general perception in history has led to him being been remembered as one of the greatest and most influential individual ’s of the Civil Rights Movement and African Americans in history. Bibliography Author: Unknown. Year: Unknown, Title: Biography [Internet] Place of Publication: Estate Of Malcolm X, Accessed: 16th March 2012, Publisher: http://www. malcolmx. comAvailable From: http://www. malcolmx. com/about/bio. html Author: Unknown. Year: 2001, Title: Malcolm X [Internet] Place of Publication:Biography Recourse Centre: Gale Group, Accessed: 16th March 2012, Publisher: www. fricawithin. com Available From: www. africawithin. com/bios/malcolm_x. htm Author: J. D. Scrimgeour. Year: 1997, Title: About Malcolm X [Internet] Place of Publication: The Oxford Companion to African American Literature, Accessed: 16th March 2012, Publisher: www. africawithin. com Available From: http://www. english. illinois. edu/maps/poets/s_z/smith/malcolmx. htm Author: A, Enisuoh. Year: 1993, Title: The Life and Legacy of Malcolm X [Internet] Place of Publication: Online Publications, Accessed: 19th March 2012, Publ isher: http://www. ocialistalternative. org/ Available From: http://www. socialistalternative. org/literature/malcolmx/ Author: E, Neil. Year: 2012, Title: Malcolm X [Internet] Place of Publication: The Columbia Spectator, Accessed: 21st March 2012, Publisher: http://www. columbiaspectator. com Available From: http://www. columbiaspectator. com/2012/02/24/malcolm-x Authors: M, Anderson, A, Low and I,Keese. Year: 2008. Title: Retrospective Year 11 Modern History. Pubisher: John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Place of Publication: Queensland. Page Numbers 138 – 140.

Analysis of Barclays Bank Essay

Introduction The process of restructuring the telecommunication sector truly got under way in Cameroon in June 1995, when the authorities decided thoroughly to reform network industry sectors such as water, electricity and telecommunications with a view to creating a favourable environment in which to develop their infrastructure and services and thus to satisfy increasingly exigent demand. The process took the form of liberalization, State withdrawal from the sectors concerned and the establishment of a  market structure enabling Cameroon to remain in step with the especially rapid global developments in the telecommunication sector; indeed, in spite of the investments made, the coverage rate and quality of service offered had remained largely inadequate. The process was carried out not only by defining the conditions and mechanisms liable to guarantee the sector’s opening to private initiative, but also by enacting regulations and taking measures intended to enable the sector to play t he decisive role incumbent on it in Cameroon’s economic development. Telecommunication sector reform in Cameroon is not limited to the establishment of new regulations and legislation, to the revision of the institutional framework and the establishment of an interconnection regime or to the introduction of competition. It should also comprise bringing behaviour in line with the times. One of our chief concerns is therefore also effective application of the regulations with a view to fulfilling the universal service obligation, ensuring consumer protection and providing for effective and appropriate regulation of true competition. The acquisition of the required know-how is the biggest challenge we face. The institutional players on Cameroon’s telecommunications scene are, as in many other African countries, of the opinion that any society that delays in jumping on the NTIC train will remain mired in a state of underdevelopment. Observations Background Before 1990, as in most African countries, telecommunication services were managed by a national publicly-owned monopoly. The administration in charge of telecommunications set the rules, ensured they were applied and was itself an operator. The results did not always live up to expectations. In June 1990, the President of the Republic signed the order on the programme to privatize public and semi-public enterprises. The telecommunication sector was added to the programme in June 1995. In July 1998, law 98/014 governing telecommunications in Cameroon (the Telecommunications Act) was promulgated. It established the Telecommunication Regulatory Agency and attributed sector responsibilities to a variety of players: the operation of  telecommunication networks to operators, regulatory matters, i.e. application of the rules and supervision of operators, to a regulatory body, the definition of sector policy and the enactment of market regulations to the telecommunication administration. In September of the same year, two public enterprises, CAMTEL for the fixed telephone service and CAMTEL MOBILE for the mobile telephone service, were set up to take over the telecommunication activities of the Ministry of Post and Telecommunications and of the public enterprise INTELCAM, which was in charge of operating and developing international telecommunication installations. The Telecommunication Regulatory Agency was set up at the  same time. Immediately after, the sale of a mobile telephone licence and the process of privatizing CAMTEL and CAMTEL MOBILE got under way. In June 1999, a mobile telephone licence was granted to a private enterprise. The privatization of CAMTEL MOBILE was completed in February 2000. The privatization of CAMTEL is not yet complete. A third mobile telephone licence is to be issued. In less than two years, the sector has undergone sweeping change. Suffice it to mention one indicator: in January 2000 there was one mobile telephone operator with about 5 000 subscribers; on 31 March 2001 there were two operators with over 140 000 subscribers. This rapid and in-depth transformation is taking place within a constantly improving legal framework. II A liberal legal framework The development of new technologies and liberalization have permitted access to new telecommunication services which, depending on their specific natures, require appropriate regulation. The Telecommunications Act sets forth a new regulatory framework, opening the telecommunication sector to competition. The framework, which distinguishes between public and private networks, provides for three legal arrangements: concessions, authorizations  and declarations. 1 Concessions The State can grant one or several public or private corporate bodies all or part of its rights to establish and/or operate telecommunication networks. The concession is subject to strict compliance with the requirements set forth in a list of terms and conditions. This arrangement allows the State not only to keep a watchful eye on the harmonious development of modern telecommunication infrastructure, but also and above all to heighten its control over the development and supply of the basic services and facilities us ually demanded by the majority of users. 2 Authorizations The arrangement of prior authorization applies to the establishment and/or operation of telecommunication networks by physical persons or corporate bodies with a view to providing the public with a basic telecommunication service, a value-added service, a bearer service or any other service by using one or several radio frequencies. A list of terms and conditions containing the requirements to be met is attached to the licence issued to the bearer of a prior authorization. The authorization is issued for a fixed period and can be withdrawn under certain circumstances. 3 Declarations Declarations apply to the establishment of private internal networks, low-range and low-capacity private independent networks (that are not radio networks), low-range and low-capacity radio installations (to be determined  by the Administration), and the provision to the public of telecommunication services other than those subject to the arrangements of concession and authorization. Telecommunication terminal equipment is either freely provided or subject to type-approval. Certain provisions of the Telecommunications Act are detailed in decrees and implementing legislation. We shall not examine all of them here; indeed, some of them are still being drafted. The reform in Cameroon established the separation between the regulatory and operating functions. It works in favour of operators being entities controlled by private capital. The general framework for competition is governed by legislation on competition. The legal framework is supplemented by institutions. III 1 A revised institutional framework The telecommunication administration Spectrum management and the legislation and regulations relating to telecommunications are the exclusive domain of the State. The telecommunication administration has been invested, on behalf of the government, with general jurisdiction over the sector. It sets the general regulatory framework. It therefore establishes and implements telecommunication sector policy, whose aim must be to safeguard the missions of public service, to promote harmonious network development throughout the national territory and effective private sector participation in the sector’s wealth and employment-generating activities, and to ensure compliance by all operators with the applicable treaties, laws and regulations. In addition, the administration supervises the telecommunication sector, oversees public telecommunication enterprises, represents the State at international telecommunication-related organizations and events, and manages the radio spectrum on behalf of the State. The Telecommunication Regulatory Agency, which technically answers to the telecommunication administration, is the specialized body in charge of  facilitating actual application of the regulations issued. 2 The Telecommunication Regulatory Agency The organization of the Telecommunication Regulatory Agency established by the Telecommunications Act is set forth in decree No. 98/197 of 8 September 1998. The Agency has three main duties: – to ensure the regulations are implemented; – to guarantee respect for the regulations and the exercise of competition; – to settle certain disputes between operators. The Agency’s regulatory authority is subject to performance of the following activities: – definition of the principles governing tariffs for services; – examination of requests for authorization and declaration and of type-approval files for terminal equipment to be connected to public networks; – establishment of principles for calculating interconnection costs; – establishment and management of numbering plans; – management of the frequencies attributed to telecommunications; – submission to the government of proposals aimed at developing and modernizing the sector; – opinions on draft legislative and regulatory texts concerning telecommunications; – control and penalties for infractions. The Agency is specifically competent to settle disputes concerning interconnection, access to a public network, numbering, cases of harmful interference, and sharing of infrastructure. The Telecommunications Act provides the Agency with a quasi-judicial body and an arbitration procedure can be set in motion should one or the other of the parties be opposed. The parties remain free to bring their case before the competent court. IV Human resources Human resources are the key to management and progress, for they have knowledge, that rarest of economic commodities in the 21st century. The current transition from a monopoly environment to that of controlled competition has given rise to new demands in terms of basic knowledge and know- how in telecommunication regulation. Telecommunication leaders and staff in Cameroon were still dealing with the transition from analogue to digital when circuit switching was suddenly replaced by packet switching. This recent change has reshaped the concept and definition of telecommunication networks and services. Everything must therefore be done to make sure the human resources acquire the skills they need for their own development and that of companies, which create wealth for the well-being of peoples. The Ecole Nationale Supà ©rieure des Postes et Tà ©là ©communications, an independent facility run by the Ministry of Post and Telecommunications, provides basic instruction in telecommunications and ICT to technicians (technical and operating staff), supervising technicians (operating technicians and supervisors) and senior technical managers (works engineers and operating inspectors). It plans to organize standing professional certification for the staff of public and private enterprises and of the public administrations in charge of telecommunications and ICT. V International cooperation Cameroon has always been present and active in regional and international telecommunication organizations. It is a member of the Administrative Councils of both the African Telecommunication Union (ATU) and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). It has had very few bilateral exchanges of experience and information with other African countries. The ineffectiveness of regional (ATU) and subregional organizations (CAPTAC) has precluded the launch at subregional level of cooperation activities aimed at developing telecommunications in Cameroon. At the international level, ITU  has not been closely involved in telecommunication sector reform. In the past eight years, it has provided some technical assistance but otherwise almost no support for telecommunication development projects in Cameroon, possibly because the Area Office in Yaoundà © is not functioning. The capacities of the Area Office in Yaoundà © should be reinforced. Its main duties should be: – To disseminate ITU documents and information in the area. For this, it should have the means required to provide the documentation centres of the main players in each of the area’s countries with the documents and books needed to acquire knowledge in telecommunications and ICT, for most of the sector’s African managers will have to teach themselves. In this respect, hard as opposed to electronic copies remain invaluable in Africa.

Facts About Shakespeare - A Shakespeare Crib Sheet

Facts About Shakespeare - A Shakespeare Crib Sheet Facts about Shakespeare can sometimes be hard to find! To help you sort the fact from the speculation, we’ve put together a Shakespeare â€Å"crib sheet† †¦ a single reference page packed with facts – and only facts – about Shakespeare. The links are there to help you delve deeper into the subject. Key Facts About Shakespeare William Shakespeare was born on 23rd April, 1564He died on 23rd April 1616The dates above are approximate because there is no record of neither his birth nor death. We only have records of his baptism and burial.If we accept the dates, Shakespeare was born and died on the same day – in fact Shakespeare’s death occurred on his 52nd birthday! Facts About Shakespeare’s Life Shakespeare was born and raised in Stratford-upon-Avon, but later moved to London for workShakespeare had three children with his wife, Anne HathawayWhen he left for London, Shakespeare left his family behind in Stratford. He did, however, retire back to Stratford at the end of his careerThere is evidence that Shakespeare was a â€Å"secret† CatholicBy the end of his life, Shakespeare was a wealthy gentleman and had a coat of arms. His final residence was New Place, the largest house in Stratford-upon-AvonShakespeare was buried inside Holy Trinity Church in StratfordShakespeare’s grave has a curse engraved upon itShakespeare’s birthday is celebrated worldwide every year. The main festival is in Stratford-upon-Avon on Saint George’s Day Facts About Shakespeare’s Time Shakespeare was not a â€Å"one-off genius†, as many people would have you believe. Rather he was a product of his timeShakespeare grew up during the renaissanceQueen Elizabeth I ruled for much of Shakespeare’s life and she would sometimes come and watch his plays Facts About Shakespeare’s Plays Shakespeare wrote 38 playsShakespeare’s plays are split into three genres: tragedy, comedy and historyHamlet is often regarded as the Bard’s best playRomeo and Juliet is often regarded as the Bard’s most famous playShakespeare may have co-authored many of his plays Facts About Shakespeare’s Sonnets Shakespeare wrote 157 sonnetsThe sonnets are split into sections. The first follows the Fair Youth and the second follows the so-called Dark LadyIt likely that the sonnets were never intended for publicationSonnet 18 is often regarded as Shakespeare’s most famous sonnetShakespeare’s sonnets are written in a strict poetic meter called Iambic Pentameter and have 14 lines each. Facts About Shakespeare’s Theatre The theatre experience in Shakespeare’s time was very different to today – crowds would eat and talk through the production and plays would be performed in the open airThe Globe Theatre was made from the materials of a stolen theatre that Shakespeare’s theatre company dismantled at midnight and floated across the Thames RiverShakespeare described the Globe Theatre as the â€Å"Wooden O† because of its shapeThe original Globe Theatre was demolished to make way for tenements in 1644 when it fell out of useThe building that currently stands in London is a replica built from traditional materials and techniques. It is not on the original site, but very close to it!Today, the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC) is the World’s leading producer of Shakespeare and is headquartered in the Bard’s hometown of Stratford-upon-Avon

8 Great Writing Tips for Kids

8 Great Writing Tips for Kids 8 Great Writing Tips for Kids 8 Great Writing Tips for Kids By Ali Hale I’m 33 now (which feels very old!) but I’ve loved writing since I was a kid myself. The very first story I remember writing was about a mouse, when I was five or six. I spent a lot of time writing stories throughout my childhood, and I had a go at my first novel when I was thirteen. Writing has always been one of my favourite things to do and for the last ten years, it’s been what I’ve done for a living. When I was at school, a lot of the writing I did was as part of my school work. At school, your teachers are probably keen for you to know lots of things about writing – like where to put commas, and what nouns and verbs are, and so on. There are lots of great tips out there about how to get things like that right, and I’ll link to some of those for you in this post. I wanted to focus on some tips, though, about enjoying writing and having fun with it and about becoming a better writer overall (not just a better speller)! Here are my best tips on how to keep growing and improving as a writer, however young you are: #1: Have a go at some writing exercises – you can find lots of these online, or you could have a go at them in workbooks or school books. Lots of adults find writing exercises helpful, too, so that they can get better at writing. You can find some great ones to try here. #2: Read a lot. Almost every writer I know is also a keen reader. Try to read a wide range of different things – like classic story books as well as modern ones, non-fiction (factual) books, magazine or newspaper articles, and so on. You’ll come across lots of different ways to write, and you might learn some new words. #3: Keep a little book of new words you learn. Don’t be embarrassed if you don’t understand a word the first time you read it. Sometimes you can guess from the rest of the sentence what it means, but if not, you can just look it up in a dictionary. You might want to ask an adult how to say the new word, too – you could write down how it sounds. For instance, â€Å"matron† is pronounced â€Å"may-tron† (with a long â€Å"a† sound) not â€Å"mah-tron† (with a short â€Å"a† sound), which is how I thought it was said when I first read it in an Enid Blyton story. #4: Try writing stories for children younger than you, or stories that involve children younger than you. This is a great thing to do when you’re still quite young yourself, because you can remember what it’s like to be six or seven. (Adult writers find it hard to remember, and often they create young children characters who are too babyish for their age.) If you have a little brother or sister, or a younger cousin, you could read your stories out to them. #5: Remember that even adults don’t get things right first time. Sometimes I get a spelling wrong, or I write a sentence that’s confusing for my reader. And I’m a professional writer! It’s fine to make mistakes, so don’t worry about getting everything perfect in your first draft. Just make sure you leave a bit of time to go back and edit afterwards (just like adult writers do) so that you can fix any mistakes. #6: Have a go at different types of writing. When I was young, I like to make pretend magazines or newspapers. That’s something that children have enjoyed doing for a very long time – in one of my favourite classic children’s books, The Story of the Treasure Seekers by E. Nesbit, the children in the story make their own newspaper filled with things they’ve written. Maybe you could have a go at making a newspaper to share with your family and friends – or maybe you’d like to write poetry or a play script, or something else entirely. #7: Keep a journal about your day to day life. There are lots of ways to do this – you could write a sentence or two each day, for instance, or you could write a longer piece once a week. You could write about what you’re learning at school, who your friends are, the games you’ve been playing even what you had for lunch! Details that might seem boring now could be really interesting when you read your journal when you’re 20 or 30 or even 80! #8: Ask for help if you get stuck. If there’s something you don’t understand in what you’re reading, or if you can’t work out if something you’ve written is quite right, don’t be afraid to ask for help. Most adults will be very glad to give you a hand. You could try a teacher, or a librarian (either at your school library or your local library). If you get to meet any adult writers, perhaps through school or at an event, think up some good questions for them too! I hope you have lots of fun with your writing. It can feel like theres a lot to get right, but (outside of school time) the most important thing is that you enjoy writing. I hope the ideas above help you to get even more out of writing. If you’ve got any tips of your own, why not share them with us in the comments? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to use "on" and when to use "in"Broadcast vs Broadcasted as Past Form5 Keys to Better Sentence Flow

Windows Server 2012 Proposal Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Windows Server 2012 - Research Proposal Example The two varieties, a developer preview and a better version, were actually unconfined by the time of expansion. This particular software was generally obtainable to customers from September 4, 2012. Dissimilar its to its forerunner, this type of server has got no delivery for itunium-based PCs and also has four types. As an IT consultant, this paper describes the how i will supply WAI with a solution which describes the implementation and configuration of their core IT services within this company. New features in Windows Server 2012 In Windows Server 2012, there are a lot of new features that has that any other person can take advantage of when installing windows operatig system. As an administrator of WAI, it will be of great advantage for both the two stations in Los Angeles and New York. First, the most thrilling feature is the Active Directory Domain (AD DS) that makes it very simple for an IT administrator to position domain controllers, very supple and calmer to audit and auth orize access to the files with Dynamic Access Control, and also informal to tasks directorially at scale maybe nearby or even distantly, through reliable graphical and scripted organization knowledge. The second feature that will actually help me in using Windows Server 2012 in installing IT services at WAI that they will take advantage of is the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) that will help in lowering the administration burden as well as complexity of the configuring host on a TCP/IP- based net, such as private network in an organization such as WAI. There is also another good feature that will interest me in installing Windows Server 2012 at WAI, the Deployment Service that will actually help to deploy windows operating system. It can be uset to configure fresh computers through the use of network-based installation. Again, the last feature may be the file ans well as the storage services. This provides a good number of new scalabilty, managements as well as functiona lity improvements in this type of Windows Server. Otherwise the new features here will make WAI a successful organization in realizing its objectives. Deployment and Server Editions In this case,server groups of two can be created and managed through the user experience. Aserver group con taining all the machines working on IIS, for instance, a group of all database servers, and giving out information on any of them. This is a big benefit for organizations like WAI, without really dedicated monitoring software in place. Using standard or datacenter really epends on whether you want to run up to two computer-generated machineries as guest or if you would favor limitless guest virtualization. As for the cas of WAI, i would prefer the Datacenter since it is highly virtualized, has unlimited virtual instances rights even though it is very expensive compared to standard. The stress for windows has altered to a GUI that is elective. By the time you install the operating system, you are as ked to choose between a full installation and a core installation. You should opt for a core installation because you will be able to flip on a GUI easily through installing the role of GUI. Active Directory There is a big possibility of having one domain for these two differet sites, that is New Yorka and Los Angeles. This is becauses Windows Domain brings out a security boundary while the Active Boudary clearly brings a location as well as the boundary of speed. In this case, i will need to have a DC at Los Angeles nad New York, the same make and model of router/firewall combination at each site, there will be need for static IPs at every site and then enable site-to-site VPNs with the IPSec as well as Perfect Forward